I'm finishing up a barrel stove (vertical, not horizontal) this weekend as "power out" heat for the winter, so I've been doing a bit of reading on the subject. I usually go with kerosene as a backup but figured I'd give wood a go (While still keeping my kero supply handy.).
After reading so much conflicting info, I've relegated myself to my campfire solution of just collecting dry deadfall of whatever's fell over or been struck down in my woods. Mostly thigh sized and smaller mixture of hard and soft. I may drag the chainsaw out and chunk up a couple car width fallen oaks, but ehh...
Anyway, I'm not qualified to speak on stoves, but I'll try to answer your questions from just woodsbumming knowledge.
If you are buying a cord of wood, how do you establish it has been dried properly?
Dry wood is a lot lighter obviously. Cracks are a good indication. Banging logs together will make a different sound. Loose or no bark. Etc. Couple of hatchet whacks will make sure of soundness.
Do you prefer different types of wood for kindling versus burning?
Cedar makes great kindling. Other evergreens as well. For the most part, softwoods will make short hot fires, and hardwoods will make longer cooler fires. Airflow and moisture can slow or advance this of course.
What are the hottest burning woods, the longest burning woods, the least smokey, least crackly?
Depends on area. Cedar is pretty hot here. Longest would be a dense hardwood like oak. Smoke is related to combustion and will vary in any wood with moisture and air. Ash is fairly consistent and a good all around wood.
Beechwood fires are bright and clear
If the logs are kept a year,
Chestnut's only good they say,
If for logs 'tis laid away.
Make a fire of Elder tree,
Death within your house will be;
But ash new or ash old,
Is fit for a queen with crown of gold.
Birch and fir logs burn too fast
Blaze up bright and do not last,
it is by the Irish said
Hawthorn bakes the sweetest bread.
Elm wood burns like churchyard mould,
E'en the very flames are cold
But Ash green or Ash brown
Is fit for a queen with golden crown.
Poplar gives a bitter smoke,
Fills your eyes and makes you choke,
Apple wood will scent your room
Pear wood smells like flowers in bloom
Oaken logs, if dry and old
keep away the winter's cold
But Ash wet or Ash dry
a king shall warm his slippers by.