Which stone should I start with when reprofiling? 120?
Yes and I would get a more coarse one if you can. Diamond is the way to go. I have the 120 Jende (not diamond; it is similar to the Shapton Glass stones) and it was a waste of money. It is too soft. Do not buy this stone.
But it is a grand example for my next argument for buying and using the stop collar. The stones will wear at different rates and the amount of flattening you have to do to each stone over time will vary the stone thicknesses even more
and
the Jende 120 was vastly thicker than any of the other stones and it wears fast so it changes a lot over time.
No doubt the diamond plates are different thicknesses than the friable stones so again you want the stop collar. I can't even imagine working without the collar. Using sharpie after every stone change would drive me nuts.
It depends on the quality of end result you wish to achieve but if say one is using four stones and only two of those stones are actually abrading steel at the edge and the others are further up the bevel effectively not effecting the edge then you are wasting time using those even though the edge you get from the two stones that are on the edge actually cuts something.
What about if I just want to touch up a knife? Which stones do I use then?
Depends on how dull your blade is but even if my edge is nearly shave sharp I like to use say a 220 or 500 because I want the bevel to be flat and not have to create a secondary bevel to get down on the edge. If your sharpening bevel is a little bit wide then it takes longer to abrade the steel to get to the edge and maintain the single sharpening bevel.
I read that high vanadium (>3%) steels require diamond stones. Do high wear resistance and hardness also fit in that category?
Most definitely . . . with a qualification . . . if your goal is just a sharp edge you can get a sharp edge on the high wear resistance and super hard steel by steepening the angle of the stone and effectively increasing the force per square inch so the steel is cut because you have lessened the area you are cutting. But you can't go on like that; you will eventually have to knock all that steel behind the edge back by abrading it off and to do that you will need the diamond stone(s).
and . . . I can get a hair whittling edge on my S110V blades but the edge is inferior and the edge retention is crap because the vanadium carbides have just been scooped out and or not shaped. It took me a while to realize this. Even with S30V I am convinced diamond plates, at least for the final finest stone is a must for edge longevity.
Do I really need the drill stop collar? Yes, yes, yes if you want to do this right and use the heck out of your stones enough to wear them.
Are there any good instructional videos?
Oh totally ! ! !
I will post some links in a little while.