Because the bottle is full ,and capped the water temperature can go above 212 degrees with out boiling. The higher the temperature the faster you kill the bacteria. Its the temperature that kills ,not the boiling action. Most plastics used for food containers melt around 275Deg.F. Some polymer agents will be released into the water for sure,but we are talking about a survival situation not drinking this stuff for the rest of our lives. In a bad situation I would use this method to stay alive.