Cryo and 3v.

The original thread on this particular dagger in question started with a design requirement that it be capable of being "pounded into a tree". That would obviously require toughness. I commented that perhaps one would want to avoid cryo in order to keep a little retained austenite (RA) to favor this characteristic. Steve Hayden has posted a link to a journal publication several times discussing a loss of toughness in A2 after cryo. That is the paper Petah mentions me citing. My thinking was that, since a dagger is primarily a stabbing device, maximizing wear resistance wasn't the critical concern. Petah subsequently said that he didn't really intend to pound his knife into a tree after all, which made my point moot.

While I agree that cryo will increase wear resistance on many steels by reaching their sub-zero Mf, I don't necessarily feel it is mandatory, or even desirable, for every knife. Surely, a blade destined for minimal impact that favors RA will be benefitted by cryo. That said, is it always appropriate to cryo a chopper, throwing knife, or perhaps even a thrusting weapon? Or, instead, can retained austenite be utilized to specifically improve toughness? D2 was originally formulated specifically to have RA in order to improve the toughness of the steel for use in dies, to reduce edge chipping. The secondary hardening characteristics of many high-alloys allow for intentional manipulation of the RA.

I personally feel that we can utilize this situational decision making in the knifemaking process. (And, just for the record, I have been doing deep cryo on knives for many years. So, I don't have any opposition to the technique.)
 
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Thank you again fitz. Exactly the stuff I wanted to hear. (also I do plan on hard stabbing/slashing) It's been playing on my mind to use it in tamishigiri instead of a tanto... but we will see. (Didn't want to make your point moot.) And the whole idea of a dagger is stabbing is it not? So your point isn't moot on any level.

( If anyone has any informed opinions on this send my a e-mail I dont want to mess this thread up with my stuff)

Please continue with this discussion...
 
petah, since Butch is making your knife, I think the issue of cryo should be discussed primarily with him. He has done enough 3V (much more than me) to work out his own heat treat formula, and his reasoning of cryo followed by a low-range temper makes sense. As I told you privately, I would trust his judgement to deliver you a combination of geometry and HT to meet your design requirements.

My comments here are related more to the general issue of cryo treatments rather than your specific situation.
 
just to be clear, no one rubbed me the wrong way at all. Just putting out an opinion and respecting others with theirs.

Fitz, will a certain amount of retained austenite increase toughness? I had not heard of that before but it makes sense in a way.
 
...Fitz, will a certain amount of retained austenite increase toughness? I had not heard of that before but it makes sense in a way.


To the best of my knowledge, Tracy, the answer is, "Yes".
Hopefully mete will stop by and confirm or deny that.

If not, I will seek a book reference tomorrow to verify this for us all.
 
Glad to hear there were no hard feelings Tracy, I definitely didn't mean for any. I never did get that beer with you at Blade, hopefully next year ;)
 
Here is a technical article that I *think* supports what I am saying. I am by no means assured that I am interpreting it correctly. Help, mete!
 
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Here is a technical article that I *think* supports what I am saying. I am by no means assured that I am interpreting it correctly. Help, mete!

:D:D:D I can see why you *think* it supports you. If it was written in ENGLISH it might be easier to UNDERSTAND! But, I think you are right. According to what that paper says, some retained Austenite does increase toughness, proportionately if I am untangling their sentences correctly.

As long as we are talking, wouldn't heat treating to pearlite be better for a lot of toughness and some cutting ability?
 
As a fellow who has made tooling from D2 (a high RA steel) long before ever making a knife from it:

I believe the retained austenite in D2 has more to do with dimensional stability than toughness. It isn't easy stuff to machine while hard, so it is important that the dies don't change dimensions much, and RA helps that. The sharpie impact toughness peak at 500 F HRC 60 isn't telling the entire story. Punches were tougher at 800, I think because that RA, while ductile, it is also weak. The larger carbides and converted tempered martensite made a higher temper tougher and stronger that also retained sharp cutting edges better, contrary to that temper/toughness chart you see. As this concept applies to knives: I think a blade with RA might be tougher to certain kinds of notched impact, but homogenous tempered martensite without RA will have better edge stability. And to prevent from over tempering that martensite, cryo can convert the RA instead, for higher hardness applications.

Does any of that make any sense?

I don't personally think that RA is a good thing for most blades.
 
You are most likely correct, Nathan. My comments are made mostly from the standpoint of my thoughts on preserving the tips of daggers. :)
The different types of strains and stresses steel can undergo is a complex field with complex terminology, and I am surely not qualified to understand it technically. Papers are available to support a variety of positions, and weeding through them for veracity, much like my field of chemistry, is better left to those with specific expertise rather than my simplistic understanding. Hence my request that mete clarify the effects of RA on steel properties vis a vis the different types of fracture resistance.

Here are a couple more links people can read and form their own conclusions.
Crucible Research article on cryogenic treatment
Cryogenic Quenching of Steel Revisited
The second paper is the one I have mentioned about toughness loss in A2 after cryo.


As can be seen, there are numerous opinions out there in the literature regarding the effects or lack thereof for cryo. I remain uncertain, and should thus shut up about it. :)

Tracy, perhaps mete will answer your question about pearlite.

Edited to add: perhaps this is where I got the idea from mete in the first place. Read posts 5 & 15 http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php?p=6017371
 
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I'm out of here now; feeling poorly after my usual bad reaction to the annual flu shot. Immunosuppressants and vaccinations don't mix well. Have a good day, folks.
 
OK, I'm going to need the Cliff Notes versions of these. I see where one of the articles talks about Dark Carbides and Bright Carbides. Man...:confused::eek:

I may switch to collecting Lionel train sets if I have to worry about V depleted carbides with dark or bright variations...:D

You are most likely correct, Nathan. My comments are made mostly from the standpoint of my thoughts on preserving the tips of daggers. :)
The different types of strains and stresses steel can undergo is a complex field with complex terminology, and I am surely not qualified to understand it technically. Papers are available to support a variety of positions, and weeding through them for veracity, much like my field of chemistry, is better left to those with specific expertise rather than my simplistic understanding. Hence my request that mete clarify the effects of RA on steel properties vis a vis the different types of fracture resistance.

Here are a couple more links people can read and form their own conclusions.
Crucible Research article on cryogenic treatment
Cryogenic Quenching of Steel Revisited
The second paper is the one I have mentioned about toughness loss in A2 after cryo.


As can be seen, there are numerous opinions out there in the literature regarding the effects or lack thereof for cryo. I remain uncertain, and should thus shut up about it. :)

Tracy, perhaps mete will answer your question about pearlite.

Edited to add: perhaps this is where I got the idea from mete in the first place. Read posts 5 & 15 http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/showthread.php?p=6017371
 
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