Essentially, what Rescue Mike said, except I'd stretch the learning out over a longer time period. Sure, I'd have overnight trips, but I'd have the learning done in a longer fashion.
#1 - Start with the most basic aspect of survival - the survival mindset. The greatest tool we have is our mind. Learning how to use that tool, and how to keep it in satisfactory working condition, are paramount. This learning would be done via plain', ol lecturing and in-field experience.
#2 - There's the basic "law of 3's" - 3 minutes without air, 3 hours in extreme temps, 3 days without water, and 3 weeks without food - that is a decent generalization of the human body's various physical needs thresholds. I would teach the hands-on skills based on that heirarchy.
a.) breathing is self-explanatory. I would cover different triggers of airway obstruction, as well as clearing methods, in the Wilderness Medicine section of the class
b.) this is where the bulk of class time and field time would be spent. This section includes shelter building, firecraft, clothing selection and how wilderness variables effect clothing material choices. The major factors that play into shelter construction would be discussed, such as type of shelter needed, safe site selection, different construction methods, and so forth. Students would build immediate action shelters (debris huts), and tarp huts.
The firecraft section would cover both firesteel and bow-and-drill methods. The various elements of firecraft would be taught, like the components needed for a fire, site selection, and material use. The students would have to light a fire, using no matches or lighters, within 10 minutes bu the end of the class.
The students would be exposed to the elements (always under instructor supervision) and would get a chance to test their clothing. They would be taught natural insulation techniques, such as stuffing dry pine needles between clothing layers for extra insulation.
#3 - Various methods of water collection would be discussed and attemted by students. Water purification, filtration, assessing, etc would be covered. Locating water would be discussed and practiced.
#4 - Traps and Snares. The students would see many different types of traps and snares demonstrated and would be taught to make at least 3 different type and demonstrate their use. Game site selection, as well as fishing techniques, would be covered. Local edible foliage would be discussed, procured, and enjoyed
The basic tools needed for survival would be issued, then introduced as the class progressed from skill to skill. A small camp shovel would likely be the first-used tool. When a tool is used, the important elements of that tool, as well as alternatives for the tool, both natural and man-made, would be discussed with the students. For instance, when a shovel is brought out to make a firebed in a shelter, the instructor would give the students pros and cons of different camp shovels (size, brand, folding vs straight, etc). As the students used their shovels, they would also have to incorporate a shovel alternative, such as digging sticks, knife, flat rock, emptied-out side-view mirror from a car, etc. The students would learn to handle and properly use their tools throughout the course of the class. They would be encouraged to bring any tools of their own to try.
#5 - Wilderness First Aid would cover hypothermia, heat exposure, surface wound cleansing and management, eye safety, basic wilderness hygiene methods, and other things that I'm too tired to think of

Improvisational medicine would be discussed and practiced, such as tree-limb stretcher making. Medicinal plants would be covered, such as boiling willow bark for a slight aspirin effect.
#6 - Keeping it all together - this would cover cordage, both man-made and improvised, knot tying, and backpack/gear carrying selection and methods.
#7 - Signaling. This section would cover signal mirrors, signal whistles, and landscape signals like stomping "SOS" in large letters on an empty, snowy mountainside for passing planes or trekkers.
#8- Traveling. The pros and cons of traveling, as well as navigational methods, would be covered. I would actually make orienteering a separate class.
Throughout the course of the instruction, the students would be continually encouraged to invent and test alternative methods, such as improvising tools, testing different types of natural insulations, creating new signaling methods, etc. The survival mindset would be continually reinforced.
And I'm sure I left stuff out... most importantly, though, the students would PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE the various skills, both alone and in groups, until they demonstrated proficiency.