I think everybody here probably knows that a .30-06 and a .308 both fire bullets of .308" diameter, but the .308 uses a case that's about a half inch shorter than that of the .30-06. It was designed to function better through semi- and full-auto weapons for the US military where it is known as the 7.62 x 51 mm NATO, 7.62 mm being the same diameter as a .30 caliber.
The old 6.5 x 55 mm Swedish cartridge, which I am a real fan of, fires bullets of .264" diameter, as does the much newer .260 cartridge. The .260 uses a case a half inch shorter, though, and operates at higher pressure.
The old 7 x 57 mm (7 mm Mauser), another excellent round, fires bullets of .284 caliber, as does the much newer 7mm-08, but from a shorter case and at higher pressure.
Both the .260 and the 7mm-08 are based on the .308 case, and both are very good cartridges, but I fail to see any advantage in using these and other short cases in bolt action rifles. The difference in bolt "throw" is only about half an inch! The newest "super short" cartridges leave me even more unimpressed, and I predict most won't last ten years on the market. Why would I want a rifle firing some new short and fat cartridge that holds fewer rounds in its magazine and is much harder to find ammunition for?
The good old .303 British Enfields fire bullets about .311" or .312" diameter from an old style rimmed case, but they get the job done, too, especially up in Canada where these rifles are still commonly used I understand.
And the old 8 x 57 mm (8 mm Mauser) is another good all around cartridge that uses bullets of about .323" diameter from a case that is similar to that of our .30-06. Old, inexpensive, surplus rifles for the 8 mm Mauser are commonly available now, and have been for a long time, unlike rifles for the 7 mm Mauser round.
The poor man's rifle bargain of the decade must be all these Russian bolt action Moisin-Nagants (sp.?) that are sold for about $75 to $100 by the dozens at all the gun shows now. They fire an old rimmed .30 caliber round called the 7.62 x 54 mm I believe, and if you can find proper hunting ammo for them (or load your own) these should also be effective hunting rifles.
Just a little more for you all to mull over... :yawn: