My thoughts, rather randomly....
1) Look for hiking clubs. I suspect both the Adirondack Mountain Club and Appalachian Mountain Club have local chapters in your area. Going on group hikes with others more experienced is a great way to learn the ropes.
2) Read. "The Backpacker's Handbook" by Chris Townsend and "The Complete Walker" by Colin Fletcher are great overviews. More oriented towards backpacking but the basics all apply to shorter hikes. I would trust their advice on clothing and such.
3) For the northeast, I strongly advise against cotton clothing and cotton socks, even in the summer. My suggestion, invest in a medium weight zip turtle neck polyester shirt for cool temps, a light synthetic t-shirt for warm weather, some nylon shorts and some wool or wool blend socks.
4) Practice map reading. For general hiking in the northeast, solid map reading skills are way more important than compass skills, imo. 99% of the time, you will be following maintained trails, at least at first.
5) Seek local hiking guides. They generally give the best overviews of hiking opportunities in the area you're interested in.
6) Seek local internet forums. Very common to find forums that focus on hiking in local regions. Good places to find more localized guidance.
Hey there Peeintheshower -
Between JVC and Pinnah I'm not sure who gets the gold medal for most useful information!
When you're starting out completely new to any activity, the terms/names/nomenclature of that activity can seem overwhelming (it's not, you'll become familiar very quickly).
Just remember hiking is simply walking in nature - no special training required. You will need some basic stuff as others have posted for you - JVC gave a great basic list - map of the area you're going (sealed in a big ziplock bag so it doesn't get wet/destroyed), rain jacket, water bottles/water bladder (CamelBak/Platipus), a daypack/backpack of some sort to carry it in. This is an abbreviated list taken from the classic "10 Essential Items" endorsed by more than a few experienced hikers/backpackers in the books you've been recommended to read.
Of course since this is a "Blade forum" you will *NEED* a 14" fixed blade knife, a $300 "Bushcraft" knife, camp axe, bow saw, and 1,000 yards of small rope -
JUST KIDDING !!!!
As Pinnah recommends (and JVC alludes to), learn to read your trail map (also called a "terrain" map). These are maps with the trails and ground contour lines (the shape of the ground hills/valleys/etc) on them. Also, as mentioned by Codger_64 and others, join a Hiking Club or meet someone at one of the local camping gear shops who you can tag along with on a hike. You can make a friend or two and learn a lot as well.
When I taught land navigation, my biggest mistake starting out as a teacher was not spending enough time with students to ensure they could read a terrain map with precision. It's important to know how contour lines on the map "look" in real life so you can keep a good idea of where you are on the trail. Unfortunately, trails in heavily used areas do change from time to time (as well as there often being many smaller trails which can be confusing). A classic text is
"Be Expert with Map & Compass" by Bjorn Kjellstrom.
Since you will be on well-marked trails (usually with color-coded sign-posts), you won't initially benefit from a high level of skill with a compass. You'll just need to be able to match the direction of the compass needle to north and turn your map to make sure it's pointing north as well (called "orienting a map").
Once you've gained some confidence in the outdoors like hiking to trail shelters and you're ready to camp overnight, there are few more things you'll need (sleeping bag, sleeping pad, camp stove etc). Trail regulations are easily found on-line for about anywhere you want to go and often are printed on the trail map itself.
One thing to keep in mind is don't be overwhelmed with the equipment and try not to become obsessed with it. Rather; focus on fully enjoying nature and all the sights, smells and sounds you can encounter there.