Just to get an idea, how do you typically do it? How much do you start with depending on distance between sources, how do you treat, etc.
most of hiking is done in the Rockies w/ pretty ample water, so it's certainly no where near as difficult as somewhere like the Mojave or the like.
First I do as much prior planning as possible, locating water sources on the map, checking current conditions w/ the appropriate agency or better yet a local hiking forum where someone has already hiked
Whether I'm leaving the trailhead or camp, I routinely try and drink 1.5- 2 liters of water before hitting the trail- that should put my body in somewhat of a surplus condition. Unless I know my next water source is going to be over 5-6 miles, I typically take a liter with me- this is 95%+ of the time. Mid-morning-ish I'm looking for the next source (this is most likely after going by lots of other sources already) and stop for a short break- snack and water (tanking up again). I'll usually repeat at lunch and mid-afternoon.
I use micorpur tabs which the directions say wait 4 hours, my feeling and many others is that is a very unoptimistic wait- if the water is truly suspect then maybe. Typically 20-30 minutes is what most of my water sees for treatment time. I am a little picky on what water sources I use (if I have a choice)- many times it's little seeps coming right out of the side of the mountain). I'm toying w/ the idea of giving a steri-pen a go, but it's added weight, relies on batteries and is a little spendy. I've got a decade of chlorine dioxide use under my belt and feel it's a very safe (and convenient) form of treatment, so don't know if it's worth changing something that works.
On our New Mexico trip our water needs varied greatly- parts of the trip were along a very well flowing creek- so we typically carried just a liter of water at any given time. Other stretches it was a long way between sources, on those stretches we carried up to 4.5 liters each. I use platy bottles (come in various sizes) as they roll up tightly and are light, thus easy to stash in a pack.
Again- individual needs, location and time of year are all going to play important roles in planning.