What you need is not a more powerful drill press. Power is not the issue, a bit can only take so much and I assume that your bit just dulled quickly and/or lost its temper trying to drill through that relatively hard 440C. Also, why is the blade at 52 Rc? That's pretty low for a razor, or any knife at that. Unless you mean the tang has been tempered softer than the blade?
I'd suggest tryiing to drill it with a carbide bit. You'll have to run it fast, with everything clamped and as solid as possible, and a pretty light feed rate, to avoid breaking your bit. Or, change your handle plans to roughing up the tang sides and gluing a drilled handle block on, no pins.
This is the sort of mistake that teaches you quickly- always drill before full hardening a stainless blade.