What's that supposed to mean?
Doc
Think it means he had a late night Doc !
Just found this info on M4:
M4 steel is not a new steel, but rather one of the tool steels that Crucible has made for a long time. What is new is the use of powder metallurgy to form this steel, and the adjustment of some of the composition elements. In their data sheet they observe that this new steel is a high carbon, high sulphur modification to regular M4 steel, designed to provide optimum hardening response, machinibility, grindability, dimensional stability, and most importantly superior toughness compared to other steels in its class.
Before I go into an analysis of the elements and their impact on the steel, it should be pointed out that this new steel has a working Rockewll hardness C of 63.5 to 65.5 depending on hardening temperature. The Charpy impact values vary from 19.9 ft-lbs to 28 ft-lbs, again depending on hardening temperature. This is a tough and hard steel, no question.
In my opinion, the best way to compare this steel to others is to compare it to M2 HS tool steel which we know as high speed drill steel, rather than regular M4. For practical purposes it is M2 on steroids.
Element wt.% M2 CPM M4
Carbon 0.95-1.05 1.42
Chromium 3.75-5.5 4
Manganese 0.15-0.4 0.3-0.7
Molybdenum 4.75-6. 5.25
Sulphur 0.2-0.45 0.06-0.22
Vanadium 2.25-2.75 4.0
W(tungsten) 5-6.75 5.5
From the above table you can see that the Cr, Mo, and W are about the same. What is noticeably different is the amount of Carbon and Vanadium. Hiking the Vanadium by roughly 60% is a huge upgrade in alloy properties, since Vanadium is the strongest csrbide former, which relates directly to hardness. However, for the carbides to be able to form in the first place, you need to have enough free carbon to allow carbide formation, thus the 40% increase in Carbon.
Both M2 and CPM M4 have high heat hardness( due to the W), which is not a requirement for knife steels in most cases, but tungsten(W) in this amount also has been shown in other steels to provide a high level of wear resistance which is desirable for knife steels.
When you combine the upgraded levels of C and V, which are only usable when the steel is made using powder metallugry, plus the high uniformity of carbide distribution inherent in the CPM process, you have one tough steel!!
As you can imagine, with this level of hardness and wear resistance, this steel is a difficult alloy to grind, as proven by maker comments, but the end product is a superior knife steel, albeit still non-stainless. CPM M4 is now one more steel in the growing list of specialty power mettalurgy formed steels that are finding their way into use as knife balde steels along with their intended severe condition industrial purpose.