It all depends on how paranoid you are, and how bad the source water is.
Boiling alone will kill virtually everything, but will remove almost nothing. Worse, boiling will leave a higher concentration of many contaminants because they are now left in a smaller volume of water.
Chlorox, chlorine, iodine and other "purifiers" will also kill varying percentages of living beasites, but will also remove almost nothing. Worse, there are some poisons that will be made worse in the process. Some benign organic compounds will be turned into carcinogens, etc. If you are concerned about not just killing what may be lurking in there, but actually removing their bodies, chemicals, poisons, heavy metals, sediment, etc. then you will have to filter. Or distill and filter.
The filters with the iodine stage for virus protection were a good thought but the process did not allow for long enough dwell time with the iodine. It was filtered out almost immediately. Not enough viruses were killed in actual practice so it was discontinued.
Since there are few if any filters that can guarantee total exclusion of all viruses and other lifeforms, a combination approach is safest. Boil then filter, iodine (or chlorine) then filter (chlorine kills far fewer virii than iodine, and filtering after the iodine or chlorine allows a higher concentration and effectiveness without overdosing on either), distill then carbon filter (for the volatile organics that will mostly go with the water), some combination of processes that will take care of the weaknesses of eachother.
All that said, the one single most effective process if you had to choose one would be a really good filter. Unless you specifically knew that the water probably had dangerous levels of something that would bypass that filter.