Two reasons, I think: tradition, and safety.
Tradition: to a lot of folks, a rear lock just looks right, just like the old Buck 110 grandpa had.
Safety: with the lock further back, you can put a lot more tension on the locking part of the tang. This makes it a bit more secure if the lock is dirty, or not fitted just right. Spyderco and others have got the lock geometry perfected so that it doens't require much force from the lock bar to be secure, but cheaper knives are probably better off with a bit more pressure. Also, Spyderco uses the Boye Dent to avoid accidental lock release, but the Dent is licensed and/or patented; not everyone can use it. A rear lock is less likely to be accidently opened when "white knuckling" the handle.