* Which is/are most and least likely to accidentally disengage?
Frame lock.
* Which is/are most difficult to manufacture to the necessary tolerances?
Frame lock.
* Which can accept the most weight or torque stress, as implemented?
Weight-probably frame lock. Torque-probably Axis lock.
* Which allow(s) the blade to be opened and fully locked most quickly?
Liner lock on a waved Emerson.
* Which might also keep a closed blade locked or shut most securely?
Axis lock or lockback.
* Which is/are most impervious to excessive flicking of the wrist to snap open the blade rapidly?
Axis lock.
* Which would tend to allow the design of the most lightweight knife?
mid/backlock
I've owned a custom framelock, and a couple of Sebenzas, and think that overall this is the best lock going. I don't choose knives based strictly on the lock, though, and don't even own an example of my "favorite" lock at the moment (edit

ops, forgot I had a Greco Falcon around here somewhere).
In the past few years, I've had to send knives with a liner lock, lockback, and Axis lock, to be repaired/replaced. Springs break, small parts wear. The frame lock is the most reliable in the long run, IMO.