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IMO, the best survival 'world' following a major castrophe would be an area where you're near a seacoast bordered by mountains/hills and forest. You would then have the opportunity of harvesting both zones for the vital necessities---food, shelter, potable water, and fuel.
I've hunted, camped, and been on long term operations in high mountains. They're not good for long term survival unless you get there in warm weather and then spend many weeks (or months) scavenging for and preserving food plus building a shelter for winter when you have to contend with many feet of snow and super cold temps.
Desert country isn't good either. Marginal for food, water can be hard to find and sources undependable. etc.
Northern or aboreal forest. Same as high mountains, colder than hell in winter, most meat animals migrated or hibernating, and not much in the way of plant food when it's cold and frozen. Perhaps there would be fish if you can chop through a foot or two of ice so you can fish....?
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Comments please.....?
Well, now we need to look immediately at the type and scope of the disaster. Because that's going to have a
huge impact on all this.
If we're looking at small communities, everything is wide open. Large communities, could be more difficult- that gets into very personal issues with families and levels of freedom.
the "me and my family and no one else" thing isn't really sustainable, so I don't know if I'd go there. At the very minimum, we're looking to tribal sorts of associations in terms of numbers.
high mountains are going to be fine if you work with the environment. That means, salting, drying, jerking, foraging, and having your winter camp set up. (I'm looking at the sierra or rockies, here, not permafrost above the treeline). The carrying capacity is a bit lower than some other areas, but there's going to be plenty there if you can work with the seasons. This means homesteading, but I had enough of living out of a pack, I don't want to try and do it permanently.
Deserts, in the main, are not as dry and lifeless as many people think. In the Us, you have 3 main areas where this is a consideration.
The Great Basin, which has enough water to support large scale ranching and crops. Really.
The broader southwestern desert areas in North America (Sonoran and Mojave) have seasonal and year round rivers, basins, ranges, and a real abundance of natural resources. But, due to the management issues necessary for water, you need a community to manage a high level of productivity. Natural game levels are fairly high in many of the areas encompassed by the two deserts, and climate variability within fairly short travelling distances is very high. Much of the Sonoran is known for cattle and sheep country, too.
Speaking specifically of right here east of Fallon Nevada, we have 2 good wells, an adequate amount of rainfall to harvest for drinking if we need to set that up. We are highly dependent on the regions irrigation system, and if that broke down we'd be a good 30 miles from river water.
however, this is rancher and veteran country, and unless you have a 95% depopulating event, I can't see a way for this to be permitted to
fail. It could be taken through various governmental means (and there'd be a fair amount of violence, you betcha), but that's a different topic.
Northern and arboreal forest rapidly succumbs to the human thing as well. In fact, a lot of the world was conquered by these folks and their descendants. One thing about these areas is that you have a LOT of free time in the winter if you've set yourself up right. It has an effect on what gets produced.
To speak specifically to the seasons, again, you don't want to be hunting in thew winter with no caches or larder, but you've got a huge carrying capacity in small and large game after certain types of catasrophe. And the fruiting seasons won't be as long as tropical do-nothing survival areas (again, look at who gets anywhere in history....) but, you have plenty of the fruit. nuts, berries, and leafy greens are much in prevalence, as well as mushrooms. It becomes, again, a matter of saving your forage or harvest.
None of these are ideal areas for "living on the run", but there's a high degree of life sustenance for.. well, ants. (as in grasshopper and ant). Seasonal nomadery, hunting camps, managed tres and berries, spawning runs.....