A jointer will work, but is unsafe for blocks if a safety pusher-pad is not used. A small wooden hand float will work well as one. NEVER move the blocks across the jointer by hand.
A planer will not work, as it will likely ruin many blocks ( due to the short length).
Some folks use the table saw and slice off the skin on all sides. This also requires care and push blocks for safety.
The band saw will do this nicely if you have one that will take a wide re-saw blade. Just run the blade up against a sacrificial wooden fence, and slide the blocks along it.
Some folks just cut the blocks in half ( to see the pattern), and remove the gunk when doing the final shaping.
To make belts last longer, you should keep several belt dressing sticks on the bench. They are soft rubber sticks that you press to the belt and they clean off a lot of the impacted material. A coarse steel wire brush and slow belt speed can help for really gunked up belts. Old wire wheels for grinders can be used for this. I watch yard sales for heavy wire wheels that people want $1 for. The ones for angle grinders are commonly found in the junk boxes at pawn shops, too.
If you are running the grinder too fast, that may be part of the trouble,too.