OK-here goes:
The "size" or diameter of a screw establishes the strength of the screw-larger diameter=more cross sectional area and thus more strength in a given material.
Of course, screws made from stronger materials have more strength.
Threads per inch are just that. Smaller diameter screws have more threads per inch, because they must be finer. Generally, you can get a given size of screw with either fine or coarse threads. Fine threads are generally stronger, as they give more bearing area and aren't cut as deep into the diameter of the screw.
For your application, a 2-56 would probably work fine.
RJ Martin