I know my blade is sharp when it can scare the hair off my arms while still in my pocket.
It was mentioned somewhere in this thread before, about using a loupe or some sort of magnification, I generally use anywhere from 6X to 10X magnification to view the edge, lighted magnification if you you have it, usually you can pick these up on the internet for between $20 and $100(remeber you get what you pay for here, so buy the best lens you can afford first and a lighted magnifier should be a second consideration)
With the new crop of LED lighted magnifiers they are much smaller and brighter, add to that the longer battery life, better natural color rendition and a more consistant light and you have one of the tools needed to determine if your knife is sharp enough.
Sharpness is really realtive to the material being cut and the object doing the cutting, stone axes were sharp enough to drop a tree way, way, back when, were they sharp enough?
I know I'm rambling(only got about an hour and a half of sleep last night) but before you can really evaluate sharpness you need to do a few things:
1) You need to know what sharp is, you need a reference, find a knife you think is sharp and does what you think a sharp knife should do and examine it under lighted magnification(if you don't have a lighted viewer go outside on a bright day), examine the edge closely and notice how the bevels are flat and even on both sides, commit the finish to memory so when you see your sharpened knife magnified you'll know how it compares.
This is a basic visual inspection and if there are any problems that are not obvious you'll see it under a magnifier.
2) This is more an interpretation of physical charicteristics, like how easily it seperates various materials, ranging from toilet paper and packing peanuts to the actual material it will be used on.This portion of the process is purely subjective, if your happy with the way it cuts no matter what anyone says, it's sharp enough for you.
3) This has more to do with durability rather than actual sharpness, how long will the knife perform to your satisfaction.
I used to put a 25 degree inclusive bevel on my work knives, other people aren't happy unless they can filet a hair, and still others are happy with a Ginsu knife.
I guess what I'm tryin' to say is learn what sharp is and how to recognize it before evaluating it.