Some further work with a model on edge retention comparing ZDP-189 and SPGS

Cliff Stamp said:
In case it wasn't clear, I have never found you to be the type who engages in such activities.
Good, I was getting a little worried about whatever I've been saying lately. :)
Cliff Stamp said:
I basically rewrote everything I had on stainless steels due to the FAQ you wrote for Thomas which forced me to rethink how I was separating steels after talking to Devin and reading Verhoeven's work in detail. That was annoying because I had just got the page to a decent working state and then had to rewrite the entire thing. The fairly absurd bit was that Alvin had been saying the same thing on rec.knives for years (advocating very fine carbides/high hardness) but for some reason I was thinking about stainless steels very differently than tool steels. Probably simply because everyone else did, AEB-L=440A, etc. .

-Cliff
That's interesting, I didn't know that My father/Me/Verhoeven had such an affect on your thinking. Verhoeven's writing taught my dad a lot, and I learned from Verhoeven's book as well as my dad for a long time before I got to the point where I could learn on my own. We got copies of the Verhoeven book chapters as it was being written, and occasionally there is information in older drafts not included in the final release that is sometimes interesting. My dad was using AEB-L before he began speaking with Verhoeven, but Verhoeven backed up much of what my dad had learned and experienced with the steel. Originally my dad wasn't impressed with the composition, the same as others that looked at it, but he wanted a very thin material to use in making damascus to cut down on the number of welds that have to take place, and someone (can't remember who, maybe I'll ask my dad), referred him to AEB-L. After using AEB-L for a while he was quite surprised when people would call him up wondering what this great, mystical steel was, with the slightly unusual name of AEB-L. And those people were using it with around 8-11% 302 in it (because, of course, it was damascus), which may lower the cutting ability (this affect is still interesting to me but it is hard to tell how much of a difference there is in general use, another reason to test). There are a few custom makers that use AEB-L, all of them that I know are those that learned, at least some things, from my father, and all of them continue to use it because of the collection of properties and good feedback.

As a side note, though some people (there's my general reference for you :p, though there is evidence of it on these forums, especially from a few years ago) have said my father makes only "pretty" damascus with no regard to performance, my father has made AEB-L/ATS-34 damascus for years, but few have ever purchased it, and the amount made has been relatively low to go along with it. People seem to prefer the ease of finishing and the huge contrast in the nickel or 302 combinations, and I've heard of few (OK, so I personally have heard zero) performance complaints. One day we'll send a blade with alternating carbide sizes such as AEB-L/ATS-34 to someone who can photo micrograph it for us, and also test a knife with it to see if any detectable performance difference is found. There is going to be some reduction in carbide size of the ATS-34 from all of the reduction in forging, but I think the carbides will still be considerably larger than the AEB-L. Oh, and also in regards to performance damascus, my father was a major force in the popularity of using 15N20 in damascus, specifically 1084/15N20. Though that, of course, is hard to prove, just look at Blade's Guide to Making Knives, who does Rick Dunckerly say recommended 1084/15N20 to him? My dad recommended 1084/15N20 because they are just about the two easiest steels to weld together for damascus, and because it's a double high carbon mix. Back then, people were using all sorts of unusual combinations that were difficult to weld and often not even compatible. Now 1084/15N20 is the standard.

Sorry for hijacking the thread.
 
Larrin said:
I didn't know that My father/Me/Verhoeven had such an affect on your thinking.

I had been assembling a materials page, it started out a notes page for the comparisions I had done and then I started added materials references. I was up to about 100k of text and had a decent form when I found your FAQ then talked to Devin and spent more time with Verhoeven's book. I then realized the way I was looking at stainless steels was wrong. I was thinking about them in terms of carbon/hardness which in hindsight is kind of idiotic, but almost everyone does it.

Unfortunately the stainless steels are just lumped into one big group. You would never for example see someone say a tool steel was inferior because it didn't have a massive carbide volume but it is common for stainless. It also made me realize that everyone was saying the exact same thing. Alvin, Landes, Devin, Verhoeven, they were talking about different steels, but it didn't matter, DIN/AISI, or even stainless/tool, the properties were the same.

For example, how can you claim 52100 is a excellent blade steel, some people even go as far as to say the best or ideal but then also say "optimal" stainless steels are like ATS-34 which has nothing in common with 52100. However AEB-L and 52100 both get very hard, form mainly lathe martensite, have a very fine carbide structure, relatively inexpensive, are easy to grind, etc. .

I have references in the evaluation page but not the materials one as it is still in really rough form. I should annotate it already though.

People seem to prefer the ease of finishing and the huge contrast in the nickel or 302 combinations, and I've heard of few (OK, so I personally have heard zero) performance complaints.


One thing to be aware of is that it is very difficult to get a discriminating user group unless you actively encourage it.When I first started using the people I sharpen knives for as a sort of test group it was near useless because they didn't want to complain and everything I gave them was so much better than anything they had used anyway. It took them quite some time before they had the experience to actually be able to critize and then realize that it was ok to do so.

You have to evaluate their ability to critize. You give them some prototypes and you say something like "These are getting extreme performance in the shop due to a new heat treatment." and the prototypes are exactly the same as the other blades they have already used. Now you see which people come back and say the blades are no different and which ones just "blow smoke up your ass" as Alvin is fond of saying.

The other thing you do is actually give them bad knives. Blow a heat treatment by oversoaking, or temper too high or too low, or any number of a bajillion ways you can ruin a knife. Now see which people come back and tell you that it was indeed a problem. If you are actually testing an improvement then you give them at least two blades and only one of them has the improvement and you don't tell them which one or what was actually improved.


[ATS-34]

I think the carbides will still be considerably larger than the AEB-L.

I would assume so, the ATS-34 has already been massively forged when it was rolled. There was a very detailed thread on forging and the resulting effect on grain/carbide size on Swordforums in responce to Cashen's thread including really detailed commentary from some metallurgists, most significantly Bertie.

Sorry for hijacking the thread.

You can't hijack a thread on Bladeforums with information about steel/knives, that is like being kidnapped and held for ransom by Playboy Bunnies, who would complain. I'd start telling them to demand more money.

-Cliff
 
Cliff Stamp said:
I would assume so, the ATS-34 has already been massively forged when it was rolled. There was a very detailed thread on forging and the resulting effect on grain/carbide size on Swordforums in responce to Cashen's thread including really detailed commentary from some metallurgists, most significantly Bertie.
The difference is we're starting with the very thinnest size ATS-34 is available in and then forging it down considerably, sometimes even to the point where the steel is now thinner than some of the larger carbides. If they're not breaking up than I can't imagine what they are doing. This is an aspect of forging high alloyed steels that no one seems to have thought of but us. Of course, this is just theory, but the thinner you forge something, the smaller the carbides are. Dozier said he found some D2 that was very cheap but oversized, so he ground it down and tried a couple blades, but they didn't cut nearly as well as his steel which was forged to thickness, so, money down the tube. This fact has also been repeated to me by a couple metallurgists as well.

Edit: As to my "test group" I am aware of most of them having poor or non-existant testing techniques, but the fact still stands that Devin Thomas has forged more damascus than anyone else and yet people still continue to purchase it. There are knifemakers that have tested my dad's steel and like it very much, the one the comes to mind right now is Jim Whitman, though there are probably others that I am not aware of.
 
Larrin said:
... sometimes even to the point where the steel is now thinner than some of the larger carbides.

If you are speaking of individual layers in a bar of steel, then the carbides could move under the hammer as the steel deforms around them. Though I would assume they will break up and reform but would be skeptical that this was a huge effect. Consider if this was possible significantly then how would the cost of just extra rolling be compared to P/M and even P/M has carbides which are 5-10 times larger than AEB-L in alloys similar to ATS-34 in carbide volume. Cashen has micro-graphs of steel which he has significantly forged and he mainly advocates hammer forging as as shaping process. I would find it odd to have him refuse to do some micrographs for you considering how much he advocates such testing so it would be a simple matter to check it.

As to my "test group" I am aware of most of them having poor or non-existant testing techniques ...

You don't really care about the techniques as much as you need willing, frank and most of all critical honesty. Once you have that it is trivial to refine the information. You also really can't use popularity as much of an example of anything. You would not for example argue that someones products were inferior if they were not popular. I would also caution about saying things like Devin Thomas has made more damascus than anyone else. The US isn't the world.

-Cliff
 
Cliff Stamp said:
I would also caution about saying things like Devin Thomas has made more damascus than anyone else. The US isn't the world.
The only rival he could have would be a company like Damasteel, but that's not a person. I can say without any hesitation that he's made more damascus than anyone else.
 
Someone has to have made the most, but how do you know for example how much pattern welded steel Jim Hrisoulas has made - who has been doing it for a very long time. Have you discussed volume with the non-english knifemakers overseas?

-Cliff
 
Cliff Stamp said:
Someone has to have made the most, but how do you know for example how much pattern welded steel Jim Hrisoulas has made - who has been doing it for a very long time. Have you discussed volume with the non-english knifemakers overseas?

-Cliff
No knifemaker is going to be anywhere near to my father. 10,000 bars of damascus is a number I know he's past, but I have no idea by how much. Jim Hrisoulas is not anywhere close. Overseas there are a couple people who make damascus for sale, but not in the quantities of my father. If you want to make your point a little more sound, you should bring up names like Tim Zowada, Dary Meier, or Mike Norris. We can only guess of course, but we're pretty sure he has made more damascus than any of them. But all of this is moot, the only point is, if there's anyone who has made any more damascus than Devin Thomas, I don't care, my dad knows more about damascus than anyone. Now talk me out of that one. :p
 
Larrin said:
If you want to make your point a little more sound ...

Larrin you made the claim with no supporting evidence, Isimply asked a question, how do you know how much damascus other knife makers have made especially the ones overseas who are not on the internet and likely only sell locally. I mentioned Hrisoulas because he has been doing it for a long time and his name was of focus as he is supposed to have information on thermal cycling on his books on blade making so I have been looking for copies.

-Cliff
 
Cliff Stamp said:
Larrin you made the claim with no supporting evidence, Isimply asked a question, how do you know how much damascus other knife makers have made especially the ones overseas who are not on the internet and likely only sell locally. I mentioned Hrisoulas because he has been doing it for a long time and his name was of focus as he is supposed to have information on thermal cycling on his books on blade making so I have been looking for copies.

-Cliff
It's impossible to prove that anyone has made the most damascus, it was more of a son's pride in his father thing. If you expect me to pull out some hard data on the sales of damascus than you're going to be disappointed. I don't care who's made more damascus, though I'm pretty sure no one has made more. If the people overseas only sell locally than they haven't sold more than my father. Like I said before, who's made more damascus than who is a moot point, I don't care.

Hrisoulas doesn't know anything you don't. I have the Complete Bladesmith sitting here in front of me and I can't find anything about thermal cycles, but maybe I just don't know where to look. He does briefly mention annealing and aus-forging.
 
His name came up a long time ago about the effects of forging on improving the performance of blades. It was mentioned specifically that argued that it was very true but depended specifically on the thermal cycling. The problem is though a lot of people tend to repeat these things as fact when they could have started off as similar as as off hand comment which gets repeated so many times it turns in a law. Thanks for the clarification.

-Cliff
 
Cliff, I need some clarification, as soon I'm about to retest both of these knives, but now with the Jess Horn reground by Krein, also. The Jess Horn still isn't as thin as the U2, but is much better than it was, with a higher and thinner hollow grind and much thinner edge. I will sharpen both flat to the stone as you did before each run, but I just wanted to verify if you were running a microbevel or not. In the initial post it doesn't say anything about a microbevel, so I just wanted to verify. I will also Include a Krein reground S30V Spyderco Native and a Krein reground Byrd Meadowlark, and my personal Jess Horn, which was ground the same as your's at the time of the test (flat to the stone with the low saber limiting how acute you can go). The thickest edge on any of the reground knives is the Native at .008 (my personal Jess Horn is thicker, maybe .012-.014 where the top of the edge bevel should be as an estimate), so it should be interesting to see how the different steels compare with very thin grinds. Also, I am considering doing a pushcutting test, to see if the lower carbide 8Cr13MoV's results might improve some in comparison to the higher carbide steels in a pushcutting test, as the high carbide steels would be expected to beat it handily in slicing testing.
 
I just wanted to verify if you were running a microbevel or not.

15 degrees.

Also, I am considering doing a pushcutting test, to see if the lower carbide 8Cr13MoV's results might improve some in comparison to the higher carbide steels in a pushcutting test, as the high carbide steels would be expected to beat it handily in slicing testing.

That would be very useful as you can thus comment on edge stability vs long term edge retention. What you are proposing with that amount of knives is a MASSIVE amount of work by the way, I like your attitude.

-Cliff
 
15 degrees.

That's what I was hoping, as I am somewhat proficient at that.



That would be very useful as you can thus comment on edge stability vs long term edge retention. What you are proposing with that amount of knives is a MASSIVE amount of work by the way, I like your attitude.

-Cliff

Yes, it is a HUGE amount of work, and I will have to do it in several stages I'm thinking. I need to compile some very similar carboard, and a good amount of it, and cut away. I will magic marker the blades, and the lengths of edge and cardboard strips that you used seem reasonable. Of course my sharpness testing will give different results (different sharpness, different testing media, ect.), but I am more interested in the behaviour, and how much effect the Krein regrind had on the Jess Horn's performance, and if my Jess Horn, which is reground similar as your's was initially, has similar results in comparison to the U2 as your's had initially. I thought adding the Native and Meadowlark would be good wild cards to throw in, but like you said it is a tremendous amount of work. I think I will start with the Krein ground U2 and Jess Horn, see what I'm in for, and hopefully I'll have it in me to complete the testing for all 5. The edge stability (push cutting) greatly interests me also, which is why I added it, and I would like to see how the "cheapo" Meadowlark performs compared to the high carbide "big boys". Very ambitious, to be sure, but I have plenty of time to work on it (not free time per day or week, but months to try to complete all of it), so I just hope I don't get burned out before I can finish it. Usually, when I set my goals high, I am more likely to achieve them than if I set them low and hope to get to the rest. I would rather go into with the attitude that I can do it all, but again time, patience, and family matters will "test" my ability to complete all of that testing.

P.S. Where did you get the calibrated rods for hanging from the cord when testing the slicing sharpness, and what cord did you use?.

Mike
 
I need to compile some very similar carboard, and a good amount of it, and cut away.

If you get a decent amount of it, you can random sample and the runs will then take care of any deviations.

Where did you get the calibrated rods for hanging from the cord when testing the slicing sharpness, and what cord did you use?.

The weights I use are lab weights, calibrated for measurement. You don't need this of course, it doesn't matter if it is 500 or 497, just that it is the same weight every time. I use a variety of cords because I keep running out, bad practice. You want something about 1/16" or so wide and will be cut at <0.5 cm or so at full sharpness.

-Cliff
 
Franco G, thanks for the info, I'll redo the graphs shortly with the adjusted hardness. Sal has commened on the hardness of ZDP-189 :

Cliff, I am not familair with SGPS, but from what I can gather here is the same as CPM S30V. RC 62 is a pretty high hardness for that steel. Is this a measured value by someone? If so and is correct this is a pretty advanced heat treat for this steel if it is a production type knife.. PHIL
 
Phil, the HRC 62 is what Peter said in a certain thread on Fallkniven Forum. Since SGPS is similar to S30V I guess that extraordinary properties of SGPS are due to the very high hardeness. As I understood it is heat treated in Japan. ZDP-steel is heat treated by Hitachi.

Franco
 
Mike, My guess is that it could make a difference everything else being equal. Also depends on Nitrogen content and what else may be in it. Would be a good question for someone like Satrang if he is looking in on this thread. I know S90V is tough to get over 61 and the Vanadium is 9% or so in that one. I have been able to get S30V to 62 and it works fine at that hardness and a very thin profile in my experience for a slicer. I was just surprised that a production blade would be that hard. Yes I know ZDP at 66 is real. It may be interesting to take a hardness reading and see for ourselves.. Phil
 
Cliff, I am not familair with SGPS, but from what I can gather here is the same as CPM S30V.

No, they cut the vanadium in half which frees up more carbon and thus the expected hardness would be higher. You would also expect significantly greater edge stability due to the higher hardness and lower vanadium content.

-Cliff
 
Back
Top