...That... made me feel all tingly...
The machining is pretty slick - I particularly like the effect they achieved with different surface finishes. But the underlying geometry is what blows me away. The design and surfacing in the geometry is top notch.
I would expect something like that was designed in Alias or Catia and programmed in something like Delcam. I think MasterCAM could probably do that. I don't think Gibs 5 axis would be quite up to that, though perhaps with a really good programmer. I use Pro/E and the 5 axis isn't that great. The only 5 axis work I've done was some thermoform molds on a big Thermwood and I gave up trying to do full 5 and had to do 3+2. It ain't easy to do well, and crashes are a lot harder to predict than a three axis.
DXF files are generally 2D type stuff. Laser scanned point clouds of a physical model can be stitched together, but quality geometry is very labor intensive. But the actual programming of a machine involves someone sitting down and developing a machining strategy involving cutters and tooling and fixtures etc that they apply in a way that the geometry is supported while cutting, stock allowance is left after roughing to prevent gouging and on and on etc. The experience and knowledge of the programmer and the automated caned routines in the CAM system combine to generate tool paths that are translated into machine specific G code. A lot of the most skilled parts of this is the reference geometry the programmer creates to drive the angle of engagement of the cutter on the underlying geometry to optimize surface finish and to be able to reach all the little nooks etc.
Some basic 3 axis stuff can be automated, and that includes things like simple mold cavities ect. But a part like that helmet took a very skilled CNC machinist/programmer a lot of time, I think 40 hours of $100/hr programming was a good guess. I don't think that will ever be automated (at least any time soon). It requires a human in the same way that an automated program would never be able to write this post I just wrote. Too many variables.