Steel options?

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Jun 17, 2010
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This gets a bit complex, so bear with me. As I've mentioned in previous threads I'm fairly new at this, and very new to starting from blank steel. Right now my biggest hold up is heat treating. I don't feel like it's worth sending my first couple out once you factor in shipping each way, they're purely learning pieces and I'm trying to keep costs to the minimum. I can't seem to find anyone local, (bloomfield/hartford, ct) so I started thinking about HT myself.

I started out using stainless, it's what I'd prefer to work in generally and my preferred metal for my own knives. However, my goal right now is learning and going through the whole process rather than just making myself a specific knife. The other part of the goal is minimal cash costs.

Due to some family ties I basically have unlimited fuel for a torch or burner setup to make a small forge. I even have someone who has a lot of experience setting it up and would probably give me the components just for the fun of doing it and the fact that he knows he's in line for a new knife or two as I learn. That lead me back to forging steels. I'd have to buy some new steel, but I don't have a big investment in any stainless yet and the money saved in one HT including shipping pays for several knives worth of steel so it's a worthwhile switch if this is doable.

I'm not interested in forging at this time. I'm sure in the future it will be something I try, but my location and finances don't really support a big investment in additional equipment and I'm comfortable with stock removal. Still learning and not very skilled yet, but comfortable with the process. Even so, I'd probably make a small forge rather than just using a torch, even if at first it's one of those single torch fired setups to keep things simple.

This leads to the part I'm REALLY not sure about. What issues do I have to worry about when working with forging steels in a stock removal situation? Are there particular steels that respond better or worse when working this way? Obviously forged blades are finished up much the same as stock removal, but when doing the initial shaping and beveling it might be different.

Is something like 1095 suitable to work this way? That seems like a popular "base" carbon steel much like 440 and ats34 are these days for stainless.

I'm kind of surprised this didn't occur to me earlier really. I've been beating my head against a wall on the heat treating trying to find somewhere local and kept thinking how much easier it would be if I was forging since it's possible to do the heat treat with as little as a hand held torch and that is essentially free for me. Nearly kicked myself before I wrote this when it dawned on me that there's probably no reason at all I can't work forging type steels the other way and then HT myself.
 
Actually 1080-1084,would be better than 1095.1095 to get the best out of it takes some work but 1080 is pretty easy and foolproof for home H/T with a simple forge setup.
You can do the blade stock removal,leave about .040 thick edge and H/T.
Admiral steel usually has 1080 pretty cheap per bar.
Stan
 
awesome. thanks.

I just talked with my "heatsource" and we're working up plans for a forge now. I figure I'll go bigger than the "one brick" or two brick types but not huge. He's all into this project now, it's going to be more of a challenge to not wind up with TOO much of a forge I think. His first thought would have generated enough heat to HT without any insulation around things and would probably have melted the steel if I did it the way he was thinking. hehe, I think I've convinced him that we don't need to get crazy, just a handy size, won't turn the shop into an oven instantly, and isn't going to melt anything that shouldn't be melting.
 
I'll second what Stan said. 1080 or 1084. Doesn't need a long soak or high temps - just get it an even 1475-1500 and quench in a fast oil and it will get hard. Be careful not to over cook the tip or edge. Or set your eyebrows on fire with an oil flash.

A magnet will stop sticking around 1414 deg

Take a look at this oil:

McMaster car 11 second oil 3202K4 $15.74 for one gallon. Their shipping is reasonable.

http://www.mcmaster.com/#quenching-oil/=8lqfzf

This oil will need agitation during the quench to work properly. I like it because it works (many oils do not), it doesn't bake on a bunch of crud and it doesn't smoke and flash badly.

A 400 deg temper is a good moderate tempering temp. You could go higher or lower depending on what you're after. Your "quick and dirty" knife will probably outperform anything at walmart etc...
 
Short answer... GO FOR IT!

Long answer...

You have the desire, resources and a friend to help you get an HT forge going that can generate the temps "forging-type" steels require. You're way ahead of most beginners, right there. All you really need is a little research on the right quenching oil for the steel you choose. It "can" be done with dirty old motor oil, ATF or used peanut oil from the local greasy-spoon diner... your steel will get hard but probably not to the same quality as if you had a temp-controlled circulating tank full of professional quenchant.

As to stock-removal of "forging-type" steels... you will NOT hurt them or lose their potential by grinding instead of forging them. Over-heating steel in a forge is very likely to cause grain-growth and other bad things. It's nearly impossible to reach those temps on a grinder.

In short, GO FOR IT! :)

EDIT: if you decide to get back into stainless steels, make a bunch before sending them off to HT by a professional firm like Paul Bos or Peters HT. They charge a flat fee and include a certain weight or number of pieces in that quote. So one blade might cost $15 or more, plus shipping. My last batch of 11 blades and 1 template ended up costing just over $8 apiece, including cryo and shipping both ways.
 
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1084 is the easiest steel to properly heat treat with limited tools(torch, etc...)
 
I'll definitely go back to stainless later, but probably not exclusively even if/when I am setup with an oven suitable for HT them myself. In terms of sending them out, that works great once I'm ready to do batches but for now I'd like to do one or two at a time and learn as much as I can each time. It's the thought of paying more in shipping than the actual HT that bugs me and turned me off from that route for now. If I could find someone local I'd be happy, but oh well. Lots of local places have web sites that indicate they do that kind of work, but none bother replying to electronic or phone messages. With that kind of CS I don't want to do business with them anyway.

It looks like I'll be making an order from Admiral soon. Quenching's no problem. I'm sure I've got a container around that will work and if not that's no big deal to buy, same with the proper quenching fluids. My biggest expense other than the steel is likely to be a thermometer to check temps.
 
Forging steels will work fine with stock removal. The biggest problem is finding them in a convenient size and shape. Getting less than 1/4" thick may be a problem, round stock is pretty much right out (unless you can have someone else flatten it).

If you set up a forge with PID control and a muffle you have a heat treating setup that's at least as good as an electric kiln. Stacy's posted a lot about doing this.
 
Indian George is having his fall hammer in next month.

He will be posting more details soon. You are around 2 and 1/2 hours from his house. Their is a lot of education at these types of events. :thumbup:

Their is always steel available their and the entry fee, I believe, includes the steel that you would use that day, not to mention IG is a great cook and the food is always awesome. :eek:

Usually you will find Jim Siska there, and Jim is one of the best stock removal guys on the East Coast. ;)
 
Shop around online, plenty of easy-to-heat-treat "forging" steels like 1080/1084, 1095, O1 etc. are available in barstock down to 1/8" thick and sometimes less. Check with Admiral, Texas Knifemaker Supply, USAKnifemakers, Grainger, MSC etc. and compare prices.

If you find the steel you want in a "precision-ground" state, pay the little extra for it. It's pretty darn straight and smooth and you'll save time/belt wear by not having to grind off the mill scale. PG-O1 is easy to find; the others, not so much.
 
01 cannot be considered an easy to heat treat steel, unless you have heat control. 1095 is not beginner friendly, and requires a very "fast" oil to get it anywhere near right. If you go with the 1080/84, you will have a much better chance of success.
 
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