Suggestions on appropriate steel for carving tool

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Sep 9, 2016
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Hello everyone.

My question isn't about a knife, but rather a carving tool. I hope that's still with the purvey of the forum. I figured since my question does involve a cutting edge, a blademaker's forum would have extensive knowledge about various alloys. Hopefully this is the appropriate sub-forum as well.

I would like to make a specific Korean style carving tool for carving in clay. Previous experience has taught me that clay tends to wear out cutting edges rather quickly, so I thought I'd research some better choices for abrasion resistance.

The tool will basically be strip of 18 ga. steel about 1/4" to 1/2" in width. One end will be ground to a fine v-point, and beveled on all four edges. The point is then bent over into a small u-hook.

I do have one source here, which suggests using "spring steel", which he later comments does wear out and has to be reground at regular intervals. However, I don't think author has much knowledge of steels or hardening and tempering, so I started wondering about options for alloys.

To give you an idea of the size, you can see some images of the tool in action in this video around the 0:10 second mark, and a closer look at about 0:26. and 1:17.

Do you have suggestions for alloys that would offer good abrasion resistance on such a small point. I still expect to have to grind new points from time to time, and I'll have to anneal, harden, and re-temper multiple times as it wears down.

I started looking at D2 tool steel, but it seems it requires some special treatment to avoid decarbonizing while hardening, so that would be a more involved process.

I'm looking for alloy suggestions which would provide a good balance abrasion resistance and edge retention, but still being relatively easy to harden and temper.
I have only very basic familiarity with annealing and heat-treating tools, limited to simpler direct heat and quench techniques.

I presume by 'spring steel', he's referring to something like a 1095 alloy. Does anybody have a better suggestion for my needs, or is that as good as any?

Is hardening and tempering even going to be practical on such a fine, thin point?

Perhaps I'm better off just avoiding the heat treatment, and just going with a flexible enough allow I can grind and cold-bend?

Thanks for your advice in advance.
 
Just taking a guess, but steels with a lot of vanadium or tungsten tend to have good wear resistance. S35vn, cpm3v, s90v, PD1, Z-wear etc would be good. For the more common tool steels, O1, W2, cru forge V, or even 52100 are pretty good, but prioritize fine grain and edge over extreme wear resistance. Most knife makers prefer the latter group for their fine edge. There are a lot of knife makers using the higher alloy steels as well. It's about what properties you prioritize.

All of these will require decent equipment to heat treat. If all you have to heat treat is a torch and canola oil, 1084 is your best bet.

Reach out to knifemaker's in your area. Many will heat treat to help someone out. There are professional heat treaters, but most do batches to minimize per item cost.
 
Very cool video, by the way! :thumbup:

Fill out your profile. There might be someone close to you who can help out. I'd be happy to help out with some scrap from other projects (s35vn, 1095, or even a dull saw blade I plan to use for a round knife.)
 
if you are east of the big pond, look for 1.2519 or 1.2419, they are similar to O7, gets very hard, excel at thin edges.
if west of the big pond, O1.
scott
 
We make a lot of woodworking tools..W1 and O1 make good carving tools. We made some chisels and a inshave from CruForgeV and it worked really well too. Another favorite when we could get it was hitachi blue steel, made great carving tools..I wish Aldo would get some more.
 
I sell 15n20 in .075 and .090 thickness but if you wanted to try some I could send ya a chunk to play with.
 
Thank you all for your input. After reading through everyone's suggestions, and then researching heat treatment and quenching for the various alloys suggested, I think I'm going to try both some 01 and 1095. They seem to offer the best (currently for me) blend of wear resistance, workability, and source-ability.

I do have access to a kiln, so I'll use it on the 1095 and torch treat the 01. Depending on what minimal amounts I have to buy, I may make a few tools of each.

Since right now I'm more interested in getting the pots made, I don't want to get sidetracked experimenting with new steel techniques and processes. I tend to get distracted too easily by learning new stuff instead of taking something and seeing it through.
 
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