The more things change...

Codger_64

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The more they stay the same!

A young teen left his family home in Germany and came to America in 1870, just five years after the end of the American Civil War. Landing in New York City, he went under the sponsorship of his uncle, Aaron Kastor, minor partner in Bodenheim, Meyer, and Kastor of New York City, importers of guns, cutlery, and hardware from Belgium, England, and Germany, mostly sold in the South where, until 1865, senior partner Henry Bodenheim had his hardware business. The fourteen year old boy Henry hired was Adolph Kastor.

Adolph started, as would be expected, from the bottom up, working as a stockboy in the basement of BM&K in their business located at Duane and Thomas street, New York. Before long, he felt the urge to start his own cutlery business and in 1876, then only 20 years old, Adolph Kastor founded the predecessor to Camillus Knife Company on Canal Street in New York City as Adolph Kastor & Bros., an importer. The short-lived Dingly tariff act introduced in 1897 by President McKinley at the urging of Thomas Bradley of New York Knife Company made importing knives quite expensive, nearly doubling the price of imported knives. This act was passed with the aid of the association of President McKinley. In 1902 the Camillus NY., factory owned by Charles Sherwood, a converted grain mill with 20 employees turning out 15 patterns of penknives, was bought by Adolph Kastor, who began manufacturing high-quality cutlery locally rather than deal with the high tariffs associated with importing cutlery.

Unable to produce sufficient quantities of knives to fill orders (He acquired a Sears Roebuck contract circa 1902), importation still continued on a regular basis. By 1910, production numbers in the Camillus plant reached 902,976 knives. He was able to do this in part by importing cutlers from Germany. But importation was still an important adjunct to the business. Knives were imported from Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Austria. These knives bore tangstamps with “Americanized” names, two of which were A.W. Wadsworth & Sons Germany (circa 1905-1922), and W.H. Morley & Sons (circa 1913-1927). These knives often bore the four leaf clover stamp of the “Cloverbrand U.S.A” trademark Kastor began using on the New York knives in 1903, and the “XLNT” mark. “Kastor”, “Camillus Cutlery Company”, and “Sword Brand” were used on the Camillus, New York produced knives. The tang marking “Syracuse Knife Company N.Y.” was added during the 1935-1940 period, and revived as “Syracuse Knife Company Poland” for imports circa 1975-1976.

Nearly every U.S. manufacturer today has some knives imported. And some of them are of quite good quality. Some of the Imperial Schrades came from Ireland and Germany, Mexico, Thiers France, and near the end, even China. Some of the Camillus knives in the last ten years also were sourced in China. It isn’t a new phenomenon, and is likely to continue. Americans have always been driven by the price of goods, as much as by quality.

Codger
 
Why yes, as a matter of fact, after starting their business by importing knives chiefly from Sheffield, the Kastors brought in quite a few German cutlers. They built a dormatory to house them, Germania Hall. The deal was, you work hard, be dependable and do quality work, and we'll pay passage for other members of your family to come here and work. One of their best German foremen, Carl Tillman, and his crew quit in protest in 1915 because the Kastors made knives for the U.S., British and Canadian Navies, and also for the Dutch.

The Kastors even had their own factory in Solengin-Ohligs Germany, Germania Cutlery Works, run by Adolph Kastor's brother, Nathan Kastor. It operated from circa 1896 thru 1938. Why did it close in 1938 you ask? Well, the Kastors happened to be Jewish, and the leadership of the Nazi party did not think factories should be owned by Jews. No, it wasn't needed to produce knives and bayonets, it was converted to make ribs for umbrellas.

A. Kastor & Bros. was Adolph, Nathan, Sigmund, and August. Then later, the sons, Alfred B., Adolph's oldest son, and Robert N. assumed the leadership when Adolph retired in 1922. Robert resigned and joined the New York Stock Exchange in 1929. Albert Baer replaced him as Sales Manager. He signed Babe Ruth to endorse figural knives. August Kastor retired in 1932, and Albert Baer bought his stock in the company. By 1936, they had become the nations largest supplier of private branded knives. In late 1939, Albert Baer left Kastor Brothers under a cloud. He then bought Ulster from the Dwight Devine family, and the rest is history.

Oh yeah, he retained his stocks, and after the death of Alfred Kastor in 1963, Camillus ownership passed to Baer's two daughters.

Codger
 
Some really nice knives were made under the brand names Streamline, Cloverbrand, Syracuse, and Fairmount.

Here is a circa 1930's Fairmount congress:


And a Streamline serpentine jack from the mid 1930's:


And a Syracuse Knife Company 3 1/4" Jack!


Codger
 
Every brand of knife uses the same configuration of knives (IE: congress, barlow, muskrat etc) but do they have their own shield? Or has different makers used the same shields at one time or another?
 
Shield shape variety is a great topic for a research dissertation. I cannot think of many pocketknife shields that are truly unique, other than when used as a nameplate stamped or engraved with a decoration or unique name. SFO shields and coined shields come to mind. The Keen Kutter shield was "brand identifiable", as was the Parker "Eagle". Given the width and depth of your own collection, I think you might just be the guy to write and illustrate a fascinating piece on this subject! How about it? You game?

Codger
 
It is wonderful that you have given some great insight in the world of manufacturing (knives). As this could hold true to any company and how they came to be. The history alone on how imports from just about anywhere play an important role in any business.

One must understand that America became the melting pot of freedom to a great many from different cultures and that they would bring into America many different parts of their culture and trades to make what is the US today.
 
The domestic cutlery industry owes it's origins to the knifemakers who left the English and German cutlerys, coming to America in search of better lives, better working conditions, pay, and freedom. One company, facing a strike by workers, imported Chinese workers. The company failed anyway after only a short while.

Codger
 
Codger, thanks for that bit of knife history. I live just North of Ellenville and have always been interested in the relationships between the many knife manufactures in this area, and it seems there were many. Your piece ties a few of those companies together. Thanks again. Dave
 
Given the width and depth of your own collection, I think you might just be the guy to write and illustrate a fascinating piece on this subject! How about it? You game?

Codger

Codger, my knowledge would fill a tin can, yours would fill a 55 gallon drum.
 
Codger,

You and CAMCO should put your heads together and write a book or two on the knife industry. Between you both, you can enlighten the minds of many with your vast knowledge.

I appreciate those who are willing to speak their minds, let alone the truth and say they make mistakes. Just wish that the nay sayers would be more open to this.
 
... and say they make mistakes...

I made a HUGE mistake with this last post this morning. Not enough coffee I guess. The Italians were just as important and influential to American cutlery industry. Fazzanos, Mirandos, Paolantonios, and a dozen more of the historicaly significant names came to these shores from Italy. Without them, many influential old line companies would never have existed. Just the lists of patents held by the gentlemen I mentioned boggle the mind. With their innovations, they advanced not just cutlery manufacturing, but manufacturing in general in this country. No less a pioneer than Henry Ford toured the cutlerys to glean what he could to improve his own production lines. Yup, we owe a lot to the men and women who landed at Ellis Island this past century.

As for CAMCO, Mr. Tom WIlliams knowledge surpasses my own by a long shot. I've only a knack for researching and uncovering information left behind by others, written records and artifacts. Mr. Williams was there. Ask him if he met Mr.'s Baer, Mirando, Kethcart, Fazzano, Mirando, Kastor, Devine, Paolantonio, Case, artists like Giorgianni and the designers whose names we will never know, outside of branded goods like Becker and Fisk. Nah, I am not even in the same league, though I am pleased if I have been able to convey a bit of the history to you guys, maybe deepened your appreciation for the true story and players in American cutlery history.

Codger
 
Here is a surprise I found. I knew from reading what John and Charlotte Goins had to say that in addition to using the Wadsworth and Morley stamps, A. Kastor & Brothers also stamped some of their German imported knives with their own company name. This next knife is stamped A. Kastor & Bros. Warranted Cutlery Germany. The Goins also said in one of their innovation lists that the "butterfly" knife was developed by American G.W. Miller circa 1887. But I have never seen one like this.



It has a latch to keep the handle halves together and closed. And it also has...



A pen blade and a fingernail blade! But that's not all. Have you ever seen a butterfly with main blade like this???



As previously mentioned, the Kastor's German factory was taken over in 1938, so this knife has to predate that. I'd be interested to see if Mr. Williams can narrow the date of manufacture any more than 1887-1938?

Codger
 
Wow. That is cool. It way predates the leatherman micra. I wonder if a similar knife inspired the leatherman tools? Great information.
 
Sure. Leatherman did not invent anything completely new. He was, however, responsible for today's modern popularization of the multi-tool patterns. Wrench knives, plier knives, scissor knives, ruler knives, all these date to the late 1800's, some earlier. "Automobile knives" were quite popular in the early 1900's.

Codger
 
The early knives imported by Kastor are marked Adolph Kastor & Bros. Later imported knives were stamped Adolph Kastor & Sons.

Camillus has records dating back to the early 1900's for knives made at the Camillus, New York factory. Very little information exists to cover imported knives.

Tom Williams
 
WOuld the name change have been circa 1928 when Adolph Kastor retired and Alfred B. Kastor, the oldest son of Adolph Kastor, assumed the control of the company with his brother Robert Kastor acting as Sales Manager, or later, circa 1932, when August Kastor retired?

Codger
 
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