I don't think the sea water would be in the body long enough for osmosis to be an issue (that's the other thing about an enema)and the salt content needs to be a lot higher before excess salt becomes a problem. If you're still in a survival situation at sea when hardening of the arteries starts to become a problem, we'll have to call you Robinson Crusoe.
I disagree - speaking as a biologist here, and now having done a small bit of reading on the subject matter.
Basically, the human colon is designed to effectively removed both water and salts from the lumen contents. In fact a primary function of the colon is to recollect/recover the large amount of water (up to 9L/kg) added by the body to facilitate digestion in the upper portion of the digestion tract. There still appears to be debate regarding that physiological mechanism by which the colon is able to effectively dehydrate feces against an osmotic gradient relative to body fluids. The mechanism of water absorption differs relative to the small intestine which essentially allows water to flow freely across enterocyte membranes via aquaporin channels, but water here flows in whichever direction (from lumen to cells or vice versa) the osmotic gradient favors. However, in the colon, as the fecal material gets further dried out it achieves a higher osmolarity relative to the body fluids and this would tend to direct water from the body back to the feces. Here it is believed that the epithelial cells of the colon possess special properties and are able to generate micro-osmolar gradients within crypts formed by collections of enterocytes that facilitate net flow of water from feces to the body. This is believed to occur through a process wheresalt is actively pumped into these specialized crypts forming a hypersaline solution (relative to feces) which then permits further fecal dehydration. Interesting enough, the creation of this hypersaline solution involves active transport of sodium and chlorine ions from the lumen side into the crypts by exchange with potassium, hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.
What this means is that in order to realize a high efficiency of water absorption by the colon, the colon must also realize (and expend energy doing so) a high efficiency of salt absorption. By introducing salt water into the colon, the colon must compensate for the decrease in osmolar gradient by further absorption of salts. In the end, you get the same thing happening as occurs when you drink salt (ocean) water. Your body absorbs too much salt per unit of water - your blood becomes too salty and this essentially sucks out water from your cells wreaking havoc with homeostasis. Your kidneys compensate by cranking up its rate of salt excretion. However, your kidneys are not capable of clearing salt at concentrations approaching that of salt water if too much seawater is consumed. In fact your kidneys will start to excrete water in its effort to excrete salt such that you will lose more body water than what you have taken in by drinking seawater. This is why sea water dehydrates you rather than re-hydrates you. The same process should also happen by engaging in a salt water enema.
Where I have read independently the use of enema under drift at sea conditions is when you have fouled, but non-salty water. For example, contaminated rain water that is in your raft that has come into contact with feces or blood ect that should you drink it will make you vomit. Performing an enema with this nasty water would enable you to circumvent the vomiting act. Sure, you might just squirt that stuff back out, but by vomiting you would be evacuating precious water contained in your stomach and you would rather hold onto that. I admit, I did not watch either Bear or Mike shoving a tube where the sun doesn't shine. It strikes me that doing so with salt water won't help things. Do so with fresh water (or at least less salty than seawater) that could not be purified independently might be useful.