Is this something you will wear only for short periods at at time? I.E. walking from your house to the car to the grocery store and back? If so, there are all kinds of jackets out there that will serve your purpose for $150 or less. Your requirements could be fulfilled with everything from a $20 wal-mart jacket, to something by North Face, Columbia, or Marmot, etc. The different clothing companies also usually have essentially the same jacket with different pockets, lengths etc. It really comes down to the type of style you want, so it is really hard to make a recommendation.
If you want something you can wear in warm/rainy weather (meaning, insulation is not required or desired all the time) consider getting a 3-1 Jacket. These jackets are essentially 2 jackets. You get an inner "liner" which is basically just a thin fleece or primaloft insulated jacket, as well as an outer, waterproof jacket. The 2 jackets can be worn separately, or you can attach the inner jacket to the outer.
If it is something that you will be wearing for long periods of time, and/or will be doing any kind of physical activity in it, I recommend you get one with "pit-zips", which are basically just zippers near the arm pits for ventilation. If you plan on doing any kind of activity in relatively deep snow (skiing, snowshoeing, snowboarding, etc) you might want something with a "powder skirt". Basically, a piece of elastic sewn near the bottom that creates a barrier between the inside of the jacket and the outside world, designed to keep snow from getting in.
