Interesting question. Here's my theory. Back "then," whenever that was, fixed blade knives were more common on the belts of men. There was no need to imitate what a fixed blade knife would do, whether that was fighting, batoning, chopping wood, digging holes, punching into or through metal articles: if you needed that, you just carried a fixed blade.
When pocket knives came along, they were literally pocket knives for circumstances when a belt knife or fixed blade was truly inconvenient (not because carrying one was frowned upon as it would be today) or when carrying a pocket knife was truly more convenient.
I don't think there was much thought given to the principle identifying factor of a tactical knife: duplicating the functionality of a fixed blade with a folder.
So my thought would be no, there were no "tactical" pocket knives way back when.
As to the steel question, I don't think there were steel pissing contests per se, but there were old timers that were very loyal to brands based on the perceived quality of the steel. And most of em wouldn't pee on stainless if it were on fire. I would bet that there wasn't a whole lot of direct disparagement of another man's knife. That's a creature of the internet and it's anonymity and the general lack of civil discourse today. Someone might say in private that ole Hank sure was proud of his crappy ____________ with its crappy steel, or there goes Clint and his goldurned Queen with that nasty toadsucking stainless steel.