What is a "forged" blade???

Ed / Rick

In the process of produceing a knife, we, I believe, must continue to strive for the best final produce.
How one steel responds to a given set of conditions may not be true for another high quality steel. Subjecting the 1075 to 1095 series carbon steel,5160,L-6,O-1, D-2,A-2 ,ETC to the same conditioned Ed and others apply to 52100 do not necessarily produce the same result. Does this make them an inferior steel? Of course not,it only prove that other conditions are required to achieve the desired result. As an example, if D-2 is forged at the low end temp of 52100 forgeing, it will come apart like too dry molding clay, yet they share the same tendancy to be brittle unless specific heat treated their own individual way. D-2 in its range of application as a blade steel is on par with anything out there. Bob Dozier & Neil Blackwood are two that can make D-2 sing and dance.
The same can be said for 52100, L-6,and most other blade steels,within their range of application & in the experienced hands, they will dance a jig.
On the other hand, 5160 will forgive the transgressions of a new maker, while he is learning, much better than most other steels. The trade off is it's not as clear of a finish as some others.

There is no catch all steel out there that is best in ALL applications. A 1&1/2 inch folder blade and a 14 inch bowie are worlds apart in design and use. Much as we would all like to see it, no one has come up with one yet. It seems like every so often there is a new "killer blade material" that surfaces, only to be replaced by the next one a few months later.


On the subject of the testing.
The question "Why can't I test a blade that is (not forged),(forged by someone else), (ground by someone else), (heat treated by someone else), (sharpened by someone else), ETC ?"
The ABS standard for testing forged blades is quite simple realy. This test is to see if one specific individual (the applicant) can, and has done the following:
First, Can you forge a blade? After all that is what the ABS is all about, Forged blades.
Second, Can you grind a blade that you forged?
Third, Can you properly heat treat the blade that you forged?
Fourth, Can you produce the edge geometry and sharpness, on the blade you forged, so that it will cut both hard and tough materials without loss of the ability to shave hair?
Fifth, Is the blade you forged flexable enough to bend 90 degrees and not break?
This is only the first step, If completed sucessfully, the applicant then must present 5 fully completed knives (forged and finished 100% by him/her) to be judged at the annual Atlanta Blade Show. If the knives are found, by the Collector and Master Smith judges, to be acceptable, the applicant will get a JS stamp.
The increase in quality of the knives submitted for a JS rate over the past few years has been nothing short of breath takeing. Knives submitted for JS rate by People like Bailey Bradshaw, Tim Foster, J.W Randall, Terry Primos, Ken Durham, John Fitch, Doug Noren and a basket full of others, had the quality of workmanship that would have been acceptable as MS quality only 10 years ago. Like it or not, the increase in proficiency of the new makers keeps pushing the bar higher and higher.

The possability of the ABS dropping the forged requirement is about as good as Ed dropping the use of 52100. No one has been a better champion of 52100 than Ed has.
:D


A note of appology;
We who have been at this a long time tend to generalize and skip over specifics such as what steel we are talking about. When Ed talks about steel, most of us assume that is 52100. We just take it for granted that everyone knows that. If it seems like I'm at odds with Ed over that steel, I'm not. That's his ball park.
What I am saying is that there are other steels that have proven their worth as blade steel. Master Smiths such as,Jim Crowell, Jerry Fisk, Kevin Cashen, Roger Massey, Jim Walker, and a host of others have their favorite steels and can give you ample reason for doing so.:footinmou :)
 
Hello Pete: Thanks for bringing up the 52100 issue, I try to qualify my statemets to 52100 but sometimes forget.
I believe we are on the same page, you stated that the quality of workmanship has increased over the years, I totally agree. I feel that if we are doing the job of promoting the forged blade, the performance qualities of test blades should also increase for those who have already achieved the JS Stamp. The information available to the bladesmith today is vastly more comprehensive than when I started. The means of testing knife performance in the bladesmiths shop in meaningful ways has been developed to a science. Why not examine higher performance qualities that should be part of the knives of those who seek Master Status?
 
The issue of the ABS performance test comes up quite a bit. I have stood on both sides of the fence and really understand both arguments. One major issue is what would the new test be? More cutting, bending furthur, less set to the blade after the bend? To really step up the test as I see it would be more destructive to the infrastructure of the ABS than helpfull to the organizeation. Reason being it would probably require a very standardized material selection for cutting, some sort of test equipment (who purchases this, how do you teach everyone to use it properly?)and the problem of teaching the methods of bladesmithing for higher performance. To teach the same material on smithing and tell new applicants we expect better performance than what was required for those that have passed is neither fair nor ethical. Also, to expect applicants to find this information on their own is worse. That is how many of us have come up with our own tricks of the trade, but we can not require everyone do that to pass a certification. If a certification is given, the information to achieve the level required for certification must be available for the applicant from the certifying body.

Another concern is the segregation of smiths who passed under the "old" tests as to those who passed under the "new" test. The question will be wether Joe Shmoe smith got his MS with the "easier" test, and could he pass the new one? Do all of us that have tested have to re-test to keep our rate? What if some don't pass? Do they loose their stamp? Remember, not everyone does pass the current test. It is demanding to get a damascus blade to pass the required hurdles. The fact that there are less than 100 MS out of the entire membership of the ABS is testament to this. I take great pride in knowing I make knives that will perform to this level as I am sure every other smith does. The fact that I can push the level higher is even better, but I don't expect every applicant to do the same. Where would it end? What level of performance would be enough fifteen years from now?

Perhaps a better solution to this argument would be for the ABS to standardize a set of really high performance tests, or even varying levels above the current test, but not require them for a stamp. Make them like a post graduate degree or just keep them in place to encourage smiths to push their kives performance so they can try these advanced tests after they satisfy the requirments for their stamps. Perhaps this would keep the mood of the ABS healthy, moving in the right direction and encouraging rather than overbearing.
 
Originally posted by Bailey Bradshaw
Perhaps a better solution to this argument would be for the ABS to standardize a set of really high performance tests, or even varying levels above the current test, but not require them for a stamp. Make them like a post graduate degree or just keep them in place to encourage smiths to push their kives performance so they can try these advanced tests after they satisfy the requirments for their stamps. Perhaps this would keep the mood of the ABS healthy, moving in the right direction and encouraging rather than overbearing.

I have seen these ideas discussed in the past and personally think they would be great. It would promote continuing education and improvement.
 
Bailey,

There's an old thread somewhere where Jerry Fisk said that at some point (but not now) the ABS might want to add a "next level" beyond MS. Some of the requirements would be to forge a sword, which as you know is a totally different ball game. I also read a post from Howard Clark saying that forging & making a fillet knife or any other very thin blade would be a good exercise too (I quote from memory - don't hold Howard to that.)

Maybe another idea would be to forge some kind of integral.

Actually "Ideas of tests harder than current ABS MS" could be a fun thread by itself.

JD
 
Bailey,

You made some very good points in your post. I couldn't help but think about another organization that I belonged to many years ago as I read your post. I'm refering to the Boy Scouts of America. As I moved up through the ranks my goal was to get my Eagle some day, but once I got there I could go even higher by getting bronze silver or gold palms to say that I had achieved more. Maybe something like this for the masters could be developed?

It seems like I heard somwhere that the performance tests for JS and MS are the same as they have always been but the expectation of 5 blades submitted for judging has steadily increased over the years. What is fair about that expectation increasing over the years? In other words, why shouldn't I be able to submit a blade of similar quality to those of years past and have it be good enough to get my stamp? If knives are required to evolve in fit, finish and style why not performance as well?

Rick
 
All successful organizations consistently raise the bar. Some are more or less aggressive in shedding the bottom 5% performers, but the analogy with for-profit organization doesn't have to be pushed ad absurdum.
 
Rick

As Bailey pointed out in an earlier post, the performance test is not easy. Many do not pass the first time around. It is a bench mark, set as a minimum qualification to establish eligibility to submit knives to be judged.

The increased quality of the knives submitted is the result of advances in methods and material that have developed over time. The ABS didn't demand this, the knifemakers themselves pushed the envelope and will continue to do so in the future.
In a room full of knives by 20 of todays JS hopefuls, (that's 100 knives), how well do you think 5 knives that were 1985 JS quality
would look?
Would Ed or any other old time rated smith, knowing what they know now, submit the same knives that gained them their stamp way back when?

Progress is a fact of life, Get better, don't just get by.

The stamp will not sell one single knife for you, Good quality work is what sells knives.

Hang in there, and above all, test what you hear, don't just take our word for it . Make sure it will work for YOU. After all you may find a better way, that's how the forged blades got where they are today.

:)
 
Hey Pete,

Thanks for the reply. I don't doubt that the performance test is not easy, but then, this isn't exactly rocket science either. It takes a lot of time and patience, and you need to pay very close attention to every detail of the process. Most importantly, you need to develop a process that produces blades that will pass the test consistently. That's where testing comes into play. IMHO, the guys that fail the first time around probably didn't do enough testing before they attempted the performance test. They got the cart before the horse so to speak.

In regards to the 1985 quality JS knives... They would probably look out of place next to the other 95 knives but that should only be because of style and material differences. They should still pass the inspection based on the qualifications as published by the ABS.

The point that I was trying to make is that there needs to be some sort of distinction between Master Smiths recognizing them for going above and beyond. If you ask me it would benefit the ABS in many ways to expand their ratings system. First of all, it would give some of the dead wood a little encouragement to keep trying to improve. Second, it would bring added positive attention to the ABS and it's members because it will show that the ABS as an organization is committed to moving forward and evolving along
with the rest of the world.


Progress is a fact of life, Get better, don't just get by.

I couldn't have said it better. Shouldn't that apply to organizations as well as individuals?;)

Rick
 
Rick

I seem to have not gotten my point across.

The published standards are for the performance test. These have not changed, at least to my knowlege. As such, this bench mark evens out the field over time, which is as fair as anything I can think of.
It tests an individuals ability to master his/her choice of steel, whatever it may be. If your choice is 52100, then that's the steel you must master. If your choice is L-6 then master it you must.
The available steels out there make the choice less than easy. Any of them can "bite your backside" unless you spend some time working with it yourself.

The knives judged are another ball game. No certification of any kind is of much value if it isn't up to current standards of the industry it deals with. Airlines, automotive, medical, computers, and so on, I think you get the picture.
If smiths who were certified way back when, have not kept pace with the changes, they most likely don't sell much any more and will sell even less in the future. Why would any collector pay good money for a knife that, in todays market is sub standard, even if it was top end 15 years ago? (Antique knives are another thing all together).

Any certification on outdated standards would not be worth the paper it was printed on, and the certifying agency would soon be as outdated as its standards. The Bladesmiths themselves,not the ABS, push the standards higher and higher. That is good for the ABS, the bladesmiths, and the guy who makes it all worth while, the guy who will spend his hard earned money, the collector.


We dance to the tune of the collector, or we dance alone!!

:) :)
 
Pete,

First of all, I would like to state for the record that I am not an ABS basher (and nobody has accused me of it either). Please don’t take any of my comments as such. I actually believe that the ABS fills a very important niche in the knife world. If it weren’t for the ABS, the knife world would be very different than what it is today. Thanks to 4 individuals back in the ‘70’s we are where we are today!

The published standards are for the performance test. These have not changed, at least to my knowledge
Actually, I was referring to the guidelines for the 5 knives that an applicant submits for judging. The ABS recently published this on their website. And you are correct as far as I know; they have not been changed.

If smiths who were certified way back when, have not kept pace with the changes, they most likely don't sell much any more and will sell even less in the future
I could not agree with you more. Maybe the ABS ought to have recertifacation tests periodically so that they don’t have a bunch folks with stamps that don’t deserve them.

Any certification on outdated standards would not be worth the paper it was printed on, and the certifying agency would soon be as outdated as its standards. The Bladesmiths themselves, not the ABS, push the standards higher and higher
Pete, actually I think we are on the same page. If the Bladesmiths themselves have exceeded the standards set forth by the ABS, then shouldn’t the ABS update their standards to at least what the industry/collector is now expecting based on what is being produced by today’s Bladesmiths?

Why shouldn’t the organization behind the individual honor the few individuals that do excel? I guarantee that if another forged blade organization existed, and the new organization had higher standards than the ABS, the ABS would probably take a look at keeping up. Why should it take competition for an organization to want to be cutting edge?

The Journeyman Smith tests are probably OK as they are. But, to truly be a master of anything it means that you can do anything within your area of expertise. In other words… Making a Damascus blade to pass the performance test should only be PART of the “Master’s” performance test. The true Master should be able to do things beyond what is required of a journeyman in regards to non-Damascus steels. In my opinion, A Master should be able to produce a carbon steel blade that will flex 90 degrees without cracking, chipping or breaking and probably should be able to produce a blade that will flex 180 degrees multiple times without cracking, chipping or breaking. I only know of one Master smith that is capable of doing it right now. Now, that is MASTERING performance. If there are others I have not heard of them?

Back to the subject of my original post…
Isn’t a “forged” blade supposed to out perform stock removed blades? I keep hearing stories of “forged” blades (by “Master Smiths”) that won’t even make 20 cuts through ½” manila rope before they need to be resharpened. And these are Master’s knives? My first forged blade puts those numbers to shame and I’m only an apprentice. Maybe the ABS could buy a large supply of 1” rope for the sole purpose of testing. Then anyone wishing to compare apples to apples in cutting ability could do so by purchasing some rope from the ABS (excellent idea Shane). Some of the same rope would be used during the performance tests. And let’s say that the Masters need to be able to cut 250 or 300 times through one lay of this special rope and still be able to shave hair. Personally I think that a test like this would be a very practical addition to both the Journeyman and Master tests. It says a lot about edge retention that chopping of 2 X 4’s and cutting of free hanging rope does not.

Pete’s probably getting tired of bantering with me, so does anyone else have a say? You’re still welcome Pete. I don’t want you to think I tired of talking to you. On the contrary, I have enjoyed our conversation very much. Thank you!

Rick
 
Rick
There no doubt are rated Bladesmiths that, for whatever reason, do not turn out products that are up to par. In some cases it's that "trying to get by with what once sold". Others it's that "By damn, I got my stamp and now I'll do as I damn well please" atitude. Don't concern yourself with these people, they are history, they just don't know it yet. The market will weed them out.

Again and again we get reports of this or that happening, Usually second or third hand. Not saying it did or didn't happen, just that there is no way to confirm it. I have found that it's prudent, in this age of hype and horse puckey, to reserve judgement until solid hard evidence is presented.

If your reference to 180 degrees is 90 left then 90 right, this has, I believe, been done at hammer-in's with W-1 and O-1. I have seen it done with 5160 and 1080. I'm sure there are other steels that can also do it.
Now a one way 180 degree bend(tip to tang)and no cracks on the same knife that has cut pine knots and 1 inch rope and after that shaved hair, I would like to see. That kind of a demonstration would at least double the attendance at the next ABS hammer in. If you find someone who can do it, give his name to Jerry Fisk so he can set up a demonstration.


Rest assured, the ABS board is on top of things. If and when a change needs to be made, they will not be slow about making it. On the other hand, they are not going to make changes without solid evidence that it will be good for the ABS and the bladesmiths in general.

If the quality of the forged knives(both JS & MS) is driven higher and higher by the bladesmiths themselves, why screw around with it by writing a set of hard and fast rules that would be outdated before the ink was dry?
It's taking care of its self now, why mess with it?

Any one wanting to know what an acceptable JS or MS knife is, need only look in Blade, KI, TK, Knife World,and Internet knife sites for pictures of those that pass next week.
Better yet, go to a major knife show like Atlanta Blade Show and look for yourself.

PS.
Rick,
If your at the blade show, look me up , I'll buy you a big orange drink.
Your fun to talk to also.

:D :D
 
Hey Pete,

My reference to 180 degree bend was 90 one way then 180 back the other. There are those that can make a blade that will do it multiple times without cracking, breaking, etc. I too would like to see the tip to tang thing.. That would be something!

I'll have to take a rain check on the orange drink until next year. I hope to be submitting my knives for my JS stamp next year. Hope you're there. I'd like to meet you.

Rick
 
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