You don't want anything damascus or folded at all with a straight. The things that folding steel does makes it good for some stuff, bad for straights where you need an even consistently hard edge. If you are going to go with a small maker, it's nearly a lost art, so be aware that you may well be spending money on the best someone can do, even if it's not that great. As for actual steel type, it doesn't really matter. If the maker can get a good quality steel to a good hardness, that's all that matters, what they started out with is not important in the same way as it is for knives. What you want is a fine grain and clean steel, so simple carbons are the best. The few small makers left are often using knife techniques which are not the same. It's interesting to me that even historically razor makers rarely made knives. A few large companies made both but had different craftsmen and factories.
I thought I could get a razor sharp because I could get a knife sharp, they are two different beasts. It's like going from wood-working to precision machining, where tolerances start to really matter. It can be done, but expect to shell out for specific stones that you won't bring your knives near. A minimum shave edge is 8K and many guys go far past that. My current razor stone is a 12k naniwa, and some would consider that a rookie stone. I've spent more on leather and stones than on my five vintage straights.
Dovo is likely the only really reliably good new razor in that range, I think Henkel still does production, but they are more pricey, though either as vintage will do well. I don't know what the state of the chineese manufacture market is, a decade ago there were a lot of good cheap razors coming out in batches, but they often needed to be hand selected. So again you might find a modern "vintage" chineese razor that is great.
It looks like Whipped Dog razors are still in business, and for a long time he's held a rep for doing good shave-ready razors. He used to do "tuned" vintage razors, not sure if he still does, it would be very stock dependant.
I hope you find what you are looking for, the market has changed a lot in the decade since I got in to it, so you might be able to find actual good vintage razors floating back into the market, but the guys that bought them probably have an idea of what they are worth. I've not seen a good straight in a vintage store or flea market in years.