The answer to your question can be read in hundreds of posts, found by a search, that basically all say......NO, you can't tell what something is made from.
Sure you can. For the low low price of $20,000 you can get one of these:
http://www.oxford-instruments.com/products/analysers/handheld-xrf-analyser-x-met7000-series
Serious scrap yards may have them for use during their sorting operations but convincing them to let you use it may take some doing.
-Sandow