Here's a homemade clay recipe from French maker Yann Reynal De Saint Michel, he does some great traditional Japanese blade work. This was posted on another forum with his blessings for everyone to try and experiment with.
Hello everybody.
I was wondering why you do not quench with the traditional mix. It works every time. After the quench, the thick layer of clay is still sticking to the blade, and the hardened area is shiny if the operation was successful. My magic mix is 4 parts powdered brick, one part of raku clay (low temperature clay, very easy to find at any ceramic supplier) and for the yakiba tsuchi one part clay (same type) one part brick powder and one part charcoal.
Each component must be very finely powdered. I use the mix with charcoal for the ashi. The thickest part on the spine is 2 millimeters thick.
I run my charcoal fire and make my clay drying above it. The clay never shrink . As soon as it's dry, I put it in charcoal and let it cook without adding air. Then comes the good time..
The tricky part is to quench at the right temp. Too hot, and the clay pop off in water, but quench at the right temp and you'll really get a very good hamon.
I think that all those mix and grind activities to get a good clay are part of the hardening process and help you to obtain the state of mind for heating your blade and make your mind on the right moment.