As far as cutting boards, the jury is still out on the use of wood.
I wrote this in response to a UK health inspector who said on an online forum, he had studied microbiology and that plastic boards were better than wood.
As someone who hasn't studied microbiology, here you go. We'll start with three university studies.
http://www.hhp.ufl.edu/faculty/pbird/keepingfit/ARTICLE/BOARDS.HTM
http://faculty.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/faculty/docliver/Research/cuttingboard.htm
http://web.utk.edu/~mtaylo29/pages/wood cutting boards.html
http://www.ibiblio.org/london/renewable-energy/mailarchives/greenbuilding2/msg00164.html
and then move onto other food sites.
http://www.antiaginglifeextension.c...icles/kitchen_cutting_boards.asp?a=1563&c=&p=
http://www.cooksillustrated.com/foodscience.asp?foodscienceid=110&bdc=1320
http://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/cuttingboard.htm
From Wikipedia and copyright free.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting_board
Materials
Wood
Wood has the advantage over plastic in that it is somewhat self healing; shallow cuts in the wood will close up on their own.
Hard, tight grained hardwoods with small pores, such as hard Maple are best. Good hardness and tight grain helps reduce scoring of the cutting surface and seepage of liquid and dirt into the surface. Red Oak for example, has large pores so it retains dirt, even after washing, making it a poor choice for cutting board material.
Care must be taken when selecting tropical hardwoods for use as cutting boards as many contain toxins or allergens.
Although technically a grass, laminated strips of Bamboo also make an attractive and durable cutting board material.
Plastic
While theoretically more sanitary than wooden cutting boards, testing has shown this is not the case. However, antibiotics can be integrated into the plastic mix. Unfortunately plastic is softer than wood, and does not self heal. Mildew can even form in deep scoring. Semi-disposible thin flexible cutting boards take little skill to transfer their contents to containers.
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The story behind the U-turn by local Environmental Health Officers (food premises inspectors) was two-fold. The cost of replacing a butchers chopping block from wood to plastic was just over 1000 UK pounds at the time. The American research came out about 6 months before the changeover date and fortunately, many butchers left buying a new plastic butchers block to the last minute. Those that already had them complained that heavy scoring from a meat cleaver could not be removed. With a wood block, the cleaning routine is to clean the block with washing soda and then the block is scrubbed with a 'block brush'. The brush rather than being like a scrubbing brush is actually a metal tined brush with rectangular steel spikes that planes away the wood. That is why butchers blocks are sunken in the middle. After each day, the block was as new and sanitised. As a bonus, the wood sawdust on the floor after cleaning helped to clean the floor and is non-slip. It was proven that the plastic chopping block was unsanitary as meat and blood were festering in the cuts on the block.
As the cost to hotels and restaurants was considerably cheaper (£3.50 for a small board, £5.00 for a large board) many establishements changed over. I threw out my two wooden chopping boards and purchased one small green board for vegetables, one red board for raw meat and a white one for everything else. They need replacing about every 6 months depending on use.
Colour coding in chopping boards is a way of reducing the risk of cross contamination and is widely practised. There are no legal guidelines on which foods should be cut on which colour boards, but the accepted coding system in the UK is this:
Yellow Cooked meats
Red Uncooked meats
White Bread and dairy products such as cheese
Blue Raw fish
Green Salad and fruit
Brown Raw vegetables, definitely those grown within the soil.
Anyway, the upshot is that out of a wooden board and a plastic board, both having been properly cleaned, a wooden board dries quicker and is therefore more hygenic. Wooden board are 'self healing' whereas plastic isn't.
Although EHOs still prefer to see brand new, unscored plastic boards, they don't enforce if you use wood. Butchers use either.