Photons are used for two primary purposes; for seeing, and being seen.
For seeing, white is king. It gives true color rendition, is very bright, and lasts a reasonable time. The problem with the wide angle's chromatic aberration (blurring of fine detail beyond 6 or 8 feet) has been largely corrected in the new narrow angle.
For being seen, red or orange are best. These are the ones I pin onto the kids for Haloween.
NONE of the colors will preserve your night vision. While it is true that red was considered best for this for many years, two things have been discovered. First, your retina is most sensitive to red light when there is a fair amount of light around, but NOT when the light is very dim. There is a shift in the sensitivity of the retina towards the blue end of the spectrum, and green light is the color to which the retina is most sensitive in a dark adapted eye.
Second, night vision is preserved only if the level of light is very low. So low, in fact, that only the rods in your retina will be used. This means you will be seeing in black and white if the level of light is low enough to preserve your night vision.
Another common question is whether any Photon color can be used in a darkroom. The answer is NO.
I have found yellow to be among the least useful of colors, but YMMV.
Here is the URL for the night vision info:
http://www.corvus.com/kniffen.htm
Hope this helps, Walt