As for the Japanese vs western comparion, in general this is just due to the rather large difference in the food prepared, fish vs red meat basically and a lot more vegetables and fruits, again in general. Even a really cheap production Japanese knife will offer many times the cutting ability of the western ones like Henckels which can be more expensive. Just cutting efficency vs durabity.
The Japanese ones also tend to offer better edge retention and ease of sharpening due to the higher carbon steel and the use of hollow relief grinds on the primary profile and steel laminates (again efficiency vs durablity). Japanese kitchen knives are also in general much more focused in task, there is almost one knife for every specific task. This very narrow use range allows you to optomize the knife more.
Same thing for the chisels and for saws also, which is why western saws have taken a Japanese trait like the new "power" hand saws, which are basically just Japanese pull cutting teeth reversed. Hell for all out aggressive, rips through plywood like butter. Faster than the Japanese ones because you can push harder than you can pull, generally when sawing.
-Cliff