This is a huge one in a survival-type situation: F Mother Nature...paraphrased from Survive B yLes Stroud. Basically, if your life is on the line, don't worry about the planet, it has been here for millions of years and will do fine. That means if you find an old tire and have to burn it to get your ass rescued, do it...don't worry about the environmental consequences.
Other tips I have picked up:
1. Check your gear BEFORE you ever set foot in the woods. I had a potential bad experience with a compass a few weeks back.
2. Know your plants.
3. A rain fly from a tent makes a great tarp in a bind. I usually carry that when I do short overnighters.
4. Never underestimate the power of bug nets.
5. Flea collars around your ankles keep chiggers and ticks away.
6. Liquid soap on a cotton ball is a more sanitary way to get a tick out. Just rub it on for about 15-20 seconds and the little bastard will back out.
7. Take note cards and a pen. I write my emergency contact info on one, use one or so for writing down gear if it needs replenished, and a few for taking notes/leaving messages if I need rescued.
8. Your most important sense in the woods is hearing. Water, animals, rescuers, etc. Even if you can't see it you might be able to hear it.
9. MOSS DOES NOT GROW ON THE NORTH SIDE OF OAK TREES!!!
10. Always leave a plan with someone. I usually leave one at home, one with a friend, and one in my truck.
PeACE