There is a lot of great info on this thread. Thanx for sharing and being a part of this forum.
I don't want to get caught up in the "Steel wars". (At least not today). An edge is a lovely, highly refined, beautiful yet fragile creation. In the "dulling" process, the edge is "giving up molecules". It can give them up molecule by molecule, good wear resistance. It can give them up in "chunks", = brittleness, it can give them up through rust. In the never ending search for improvement, we learn, but it's like trying to put that last grain of sand on the top of a sand pyramid (pray the wind doesn't blow and the surf doesn't enter).
Though we hate to think that $ could influence our "quest for superiority", it unfortunately does. Some of the custom makers, suppliers (and Spyderco) have been testing some stuff that "seems ideal". But a $2,500 per knife retail price. The somewhat limited market, slows funding for production.
Jack - Corrosion reistance can be numerically measured with "Q" fog testing. There are a number of ways of numerically measuring edge retension, sharpness, etc. Many companies like Spyderco have ways of numerically measuring strength, etc. Graphs show trends. Electron microscopes show grains, embrittlement, etc. An uncontrolled hydrogen atom in the wrong place during heat treat of even great steels can cause a catastophic chain of events within the stressed steel.
Refinement is our evolutionary obligation to humankind.
sal