Since I am not willing to destroy the blade to have the chemical composition determined, I am limited to performance of the blades. Therefore, the most I can attest to myself is that, on the knives I own that are purported to be Carbon V or 0170-6C,
-it performs better than Case CV in edge retention.
-it takes on a patina similar to that of CV and different than that which I see on pure 1095 blades.
That indicates, to me,
1) It either has a higher Carbon content or is taken to a higher hardness than CV.
2) It likely has other constituents than those in pure 1095 that affect the corrosion process.
I think that, in the knives I have (at least in the ones I have tested) which purport to be 0170-6C, I got what was advertised to be.
I have read in posts from former Camillus employees that, especially toward the end, Camillus sometimes substituted 0170-6C for carbon steel if they had an order to fill and were out of carbon steel in a specific thickness. I have not read the opposite, that is, I have not read that Carbon steel was substituted for 0170-6C or Carbon V.
But, meanwhile, back at the thread, I like non-stainless blades.
edited to add: I have also read that not all Camillus non-stainless blades were 0170-6C. I know they also used 1095 in most of their non-stainless blades. And that they were marketed as such.
Further add:
Wayne Goddard had a Cold Steel Carbon V blade chemically analyzed and posted the results in The Wonder of Knife Making, which is now available as a Google Book. He found it to be 0.95% Carbon steel with small additions of Vanadium and Chromium. This match the advertised ingredients. So at least some of them are exactly what they were said to be.