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- Apr 27, 1999
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Hard steel is brittle. It will break like glass under enough tension. A good example of this is a metal file that will often shatter if you drop it on a concrete floor. So when you make a knife you first harden it up to the point where it is brittle. Then you bake it at around 400 degrees F for an hour or two to soften it slightly. At that point it is not as hard (will not resist wear as well) as a file, but it is much tougher (takes more force to crack). It is a tradeoff between hardness and toughness (softness).
A knife is under maximum stress when you pry with it (or otherwise put it under bending stress). Bending stress is maximum on the outermost surface of where you are doing the bending. If you put softer steel on the outside it will be maximally tough and not start to crack when you apply bending stress to the blade. The inner most layer of the blade will be under minimal stress therefor it can be much harder than normal and yet not crack. So this type of sandwich lets you have a hard edge and yet a blade that resists breaking.
A knife is under maximum stress when you pry with it (or otherwise put it under bending stress). Bending stress is maximum on the outermost surface of where you are doing the bending. If you put softer steel on the outside it will be maximally tough and not start to crack when you apply bending stress to the blade. The inner most layer of the blade will be under minimal stress therefor it can be much harder than normal and yet not crack. So this type of sandwich lets you have a hard edge and yet a blade that resists breaking.