Frame lock WIP/how to.

Scribe a center line around the perimeter of both handle slabs. Then scribe another line .3" in from the edges on the outside face.
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File a 45 degree bevel down to the center line. This makes it a lot easier to see if you've reached the correct depth when you go to file the main bevels.
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I like to use a round file to remove a lot of material fast and to set the angle of my flats. Every 1/4" or so, file a groove down until it just touches the two layout lines top and bottom.
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File the tops of the grooves down with a mill file. When you reach the bottoms of the grooves you've got a nice flat bevel.
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Do both edges on both handle slabs. Try to match them up as close as possible.
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Sand the bevels with 220grit paper backed by the sanding sticks until all of the file marks are gone and they look shiny and pretty :) Titanium sucks to file but thankfully it is way easier to sand than steel.
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I came up with a few possible ways to mill the relief pocket in the lockbar without a mill but in the end I just used the drill press. I thought about chiseling it out just to see how hard it would be but I knew this method would work so I stuck with it.



I used a 1/8" ball end carbide dremel bit chucked in the drill press. Set the drill to the highest speed it will go to. Clamp the blade to a block of wood with two drill bits through the holes at the ends of the lockbar resting on top of the block. Set the bit about 1/16" below the drill bits and set the depth stop. Mark the start and end points of the cutout. I like to make the cutout about a half inch long and start it just past the end of the lockbar.
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Clamp a fence to the drill press table so that the bit is about .050-.060 from the back of the scale. This sets the thickness in the relief cut.
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Lock the bit about half way down and start the cut. Press down firmly on the block to keep it from rocking. Pull the left end of the block tight against the fence and then pull the right side in until the bit starts to cut. Start at the left end of the pocket and cut towards the right. When you reach the right end of the cut push the material away from the bit before sliding it back to the other end. Make as many passes as it takes to get down to final depth then lower the bit and do it again.
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Without a way of solidly holding the scale and moving it in a controlled manner (Milling machine) you will get lots of chatter and it will be a pretty slow process. It took about 20 minutes to make this pocket. Increasing depth by a thousandth or two and making a bunch of slow passes after reaching full depth will clean up most of the chatter marks and it should be pretty easy to sand out the rest.


I use the same setup to cut the lockbar out. Chuck a thin dremel cutoff disc into the drill and set the depth to the center of the holes marking the ends of the cut. Adjust the fence so that the mandrel won't quite touch the handle when cutting the lock.
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Plunge the cutoff disc in near the left hole and cut towards the right. Cut to both holes and be careful not to overcut. If you use lots of lube you can make the whole cut with one disc but it makes a hell of a mess so I just cut it dry and burn through 4 or 5 discs.
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Set the lock face cut up basically the same way. Sight through the first cut and line it up vertically using the drill press post. Set the cutoff disc at the height of the end of the first cut and carefully cut the lock face. Ideally you'd use a bigger block than I did but this actually worked fine. It takes almost no pressure to cut with the dremel discs but it is slow.
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Put the knife together in the open position and use a brocken cutoff disc to scribe the lock location on the blade.
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Clamp a 1/2" thick piece of wood 4 inches from the end of a board clamped to the bench. With the blade tang barely sticking above the board a file will cut an 8 degree bevel on the tang. As long as you keep the file in contact with both the tang and the half inch block you will cut a flat bevel at the perfect angle. As you get close to the line check the fit often.
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As soon as you are able to push the lock bar behind the blade it's time to bend the lockbar. You can do it earlier but it makes it a pain to keep reassembling the knife to check the fit. Use a chunk of wood with a notch cut in the side to bend the lockbar until it would just touch the other scale in the finished knife. I bent this one too far and had to bend it back a touch.
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Cut and file the pivot pin to length using the same jig from the stop pin.
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Use a thin piece of wood or metal to hold screws for filing to length. Metal works a lot better but wood will do fine for one or two screws.
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Assemble the knife and check the lock fit. This one needs just a bit more engagement.
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Next is setting up the detent and filing the blade bevels.

I'll get more posted up this evening.
 
Alrighty then. If you were wondering why the detent hole was drilled so huge it's because I used a set screw instead of a bearing. The detent hole was tapped for a 4-40 thread and a 1/8" set screw was filed round on the end and polished with 1500 grit paper. I cheated at this point and hit it on the buffer real quick. Don't tell anyone :D I Plan on making some bronze set screw to try someday but for now the steel ones seem to work pretty good.

Tighten the set screw until the lock bar is flush with the rest of the handle.
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Open and close the knife a few times to see where the detent falls on the blade.

center punch and spot drill just past the end of the arc left by the detent. I use a 1/8" bit and drill just a tiny bit then check and keep doing that until the outer edge of the hole gets to just the right spot to suck the blade closed that last little bit. Adjust the set screw in further to increase the holding tension when closed if desired. I file a tiny ramp with a round needle file where the arc goes off the back of the tang to make closing the knife smoother.
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Figure out where you want the plunges to be then mark the blade on one side.
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Sharpie the edge then use a screw or drill bit clamped to a board to scribe a center line from both sides. Try to get the two lines about a dime thickness apart.
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Use a chainsaw file to cut the plunge. Take it down just to the center line and up to wherever you want the top of teh grind to be. I like to go all the way to the spine but be really careful not to cut into the spine. When the cut starts to get close to both lines, sharpie the cut to make sure that you are filing flat. Any bit of convex will be really hard to get out later so make sure the plunge is nice and flat on the bottom from end to end. The marker will show if you are only cutting from one end at a time. Ideally you should be able to remove most of the marker evenly in one stroke. This pic shows that my plunge was still a little convex and needs more removed from the middle.
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Flip it over and carefully file the other side to match.
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Now file a 45 degree bevel down to the line on both sides. Use a clamp to protect the plunges from the file.
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Once again use a big round file to cut grooves as close together as you can. The bottoms of these grooves represent the finished bevels. Towards the tip the grooves will go through the spine. How much determines what kind of distal taper the blade will have. Groove both sides of the blade.
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Sharpie the whole blade at this point. Use a big mill file to file down to the bottoms of the grooves. The ink lines will show if the angle is correct. As long as the ink lines are mostly parallel you are filing at the right angle and flat. The raw steel sections will be all over the place because the grooves were filed perpendicular to the curved edge.
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You can see here that I've got a little bit of convex in the middle of the blade at this point, but it's pretty close.
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File at an angle to get rid of the last of the lines then drawfile to get it perfectly flat and smooth. I was using the edge of the file to make sure the file marks would show in a 2"x2" picture so it looks pretty gnarly but drawfiling with the flats of the file will leave it a lot smoother than shown here.
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Sand the file marks out with 220 and a sanding stick. Start by sanding at an angle about 30 degrees off from the file marks.
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Once all the file marks are gone sand the blade lengthwise with 400 grit. I only went to 400 because I was in a hurry? Ha! I would normally go to 1500 or two thousand grit. for the final finish, start with the edge of the sandpaper down in the plunge and draw straight towards yourself, lowering the rest of the width of the sandpaper as you pull. Pull straight all the way off the tip. Use your knuckles against the board to keep the lines perfectly straight and parallel. Lock your arms in place and move from the waist. I use water for lube when hand sanding except for the final full length passes.
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Use sandpaper to soften every edge on the handle and blade including the blade edge.

Go back through and sand everything to whatever grit you want to go to. I sanded this knife to 400 all over but I will probably take it up to 2000 later just for fun.

Assemble and check that everything fits perfect and that the blade is centered perfectly when closed. After heat treat these things are a bitch to fix. Of course if the blade warps during heat treating you'll have to fix it then anyway :)
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Heat treat, assemble and enjoy your new knife. You've earned it :D
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I wish I could take as long as Nick does to finish a WIP so I could get extra pageviews :D but I had to have this knife done in a weekend so unfortunately you guys get the whole thing almost all at once.


This knife took me about 30 hours to get to this point. This includes the time to take over 500 photos while making it so you should be able to get it done a bit quicker than I did.
I trashed one new 12inch mill file, one 14 inch magicut file and about half killed a 10 inch rat tail file. I used 5 sheets of 220 grit paper and half a sheet of 400. About the same cost as the grinding belts I'd have used doing this the easy way.


Thanks everybody for checking out my little how to, I hope everybody is able to learn something from it. Even if it's how not to do things:D

I'll update this thread in a few weeks after heat treating and final finishing with some (hopefully) better pics.
 
That is an amazing project and I hope you are rewarded with a high grade. The end result is very good, looking forward to anything further you post.

Regards,

Rich
 
Wow! Talk about a hellacool WIP thread! It's really inspiring to see such good work done with minimal tools. I've been forging fixed blades for 9 years and have constantly waffled around about making folders, even though I really want to make 'em. You just inspired me to give it a shot. Thanks a lot for taking the time to make this post - it was a lot of work, and you did a very thorough, all-around great job with it. Oh - you did a damn nice job on the knife, too - really sweet!:cool:
 
Wonderful thread! This should be a sticky somewhere! :thumbup:
STR
 
This really is inspiring and may get me to take that leap I've been thinking about for 20+ years.

No joke, you have a gift for explaining the process and take wonderful pictures. You should put this together along with how the process would be different with the aid of a variety of tools and machines (grinders, belts, saws, etc) into a nice book. I'd buy it!

Maybe it's there and I'll find it when I get a chance to reread but... It seems to me you never got back to the hole you drilled through the tang into the thumbstud/stop pin. I know what it's obviously for but what I don't know is why you feel it's necessary whereas many/all other makers don't. Just like to know your reasoning. Thanks.
 
The hole through the spine and into the thumbstud/stop pin hole is so that I can use a solid titanium stop pin instead of a two piece design that screws together. I've never really liked the two piece thumbstuds for stop pin duty. The tip of the set screw locks into this hole and keeps the stop pin centered in the blade. With this way I can drill the stop pin hole in both the blade and the handle to get a perfect match when the knife is open. The greater contact area helps prevent wear from repeated openings over time. It's also stronger. Not that strength really matters as the two piece ones are plenty strong anyway.

Normally I would not leave the ends of the thumbstud square but I was in a hurry on this knife. I would normally turn steps in it on the lathe or carve the ends with files for more grip (and to look awesome :D ) then polish it up and anodize it.




As far as turning this into a book of some sort I have actually thought about doing a couple more knives and putting it all together as a downloadable e-book but that's a ways off. I was thinking of doing an integral folder and a large fixed blade along with maybe a fancy neck knife and sheath combo to really show a variety of techniques and styles. Time is pretty tight though with going to school full time and trying to make knives while still leaving some time for the wife and kids. And of course I have to spend quality time with my mountain bike or it gets angry. I will try to document the next few knives I make but it might be a long time before I get around to writing anything. It takes a surprising amount of time to write all this stuff out and organize it all into something coherent. This project really made me appreciate the efforts of everyone on here that has shared their process in a WIP or tutorial.
 
Oh, and for those that were curious I got a B+ on the paper. It was way more detailed and thorough than what I wrote here, but at 58 pages there was a lot of room for stupid typos and little formatting mistakes to add up.
 
Jason, Great job. You just showed me a bunch of new techniques for hand work. That is one incredible folder esp for minimal machining. Very sweet.
 
Thanks for clarifying the thumbstud and I'm now a convert.

I still like the idea of a nice big hard-cover book but I guess in this day and age an ebook will have to do, though it won't look as nice on the coffee table. I really hope you find the time to put this together and go with the format of breaking down each phase of the build by branching off into how it would be done with different tools; from the minimalist approach (like this one, I think) to gearing more toward the person with a high shop budget.

STR, 50% of what I know about knife making I've learned from you. This thread is the other 50%. :)
 
Damn,

Now I want to make a folder :)

Great work and thank you
 
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