High Performance Hand Axe - A Photo Essay

Joined
Dec 11, 2006
Messages
1,659
Please forgive me.....I tend to get long winded when it comes to axes. But, I can't help it. I love them and think they are one of the most versatile tools for the woods.

But.....the poor hand axe. Think about it; If you are at home, or in a large base camp where weight is not an issue, you can have your choice of axes. One for splitting (a splitting axe or maul), one for limbing, one for bucking, one for felling, etc.

Not the case with the hand axe. Since size is usually the issue, it is generally called upon to do ALL these things, and do them well. That is why I am always after the most high performance hand axe...PERIOD.

What I am looking for my be different from what you are looking for. I am not interested in explaining away performance differences between two axes due to 3 or 4 oz's difference in head weight, or 1" longer handle, etc. I am looking for the most performance in a specific size package. For me, that means one that will fit in or on my daypack easily. That being said, it is going to be something generally in the 17" to 20" handle range.

There has been lots of talk of famous axes in that size.

Now, let's get specific. Here are the things I have called upon my axe to do, or want it to do as best as possible.

- Cut like an knife. So, it must be sharp.
- Make fuzz sticks.
- Process game.
- Buck wood into length (cutting cross grain, and throwing chips).
- Splitting wood.
- Batoning wood.
- Use as a hammer on tent peg duty, or heavier duty (on wood only) such as making camp furniture, and driving large wooden poles in the ground.
- Other bushcraft tasks.

Here is what I have come up with. A modified Snow and Nealley 19" axe.

IMG_1706.jpg


IMG_1707.jpg


IMG_1708.jpg


Step number 1: For bucking wood (cross grain) cutting like a knife an a lot of cutting ability, a nice sharp convex edge is a must.

IMG_1712.jpg


Most people with a belt sander, or patience to do this by hand can set that up easy enough.

Another not so difficult one is taking care of the handle.

My axe started off like this:

IMG_1705.jpg


I sanded the handle down extremely SMOOTH. I then did multiple coats of linseed oil, followed by a beeswax treatment. It is nice to hold.

IMG_1711.jpg


IMG_1710.jpg


Now, on to the performance after you get beyond the first inch or so of the edge. Now we will look at making the axe penetrate wood.

When you lay a flat piece of wood against the head, you can see the two contact areas of concern.

IMG_1713.jpg


To be continued......
 
Looking at this on a factory head, it may look all nice and even. That is, until you lay it on a grinder. This is not a ton of work, an not a lot of material is removed. But, it is important to have these two areas smooth and even across the highlighted areas, which were the contact area from the previous picture.

IMG_1714.jpg


IMG_1715.jpg


This particular axe head already had good geometry. So, there is not tons of grinding really necessary. But, what is important is making sure the ramps on both sides of the head are again smooth and even. All the way up to the point highlighted in the previous pictures.

IMG_1716.jpg


Moving further up the head.

IMG_1718.jpg


When you baton slowing through a piece of wood, you get a better idea of what is happening during a higher speed splitting event.

The axe started in:

IMG_1721.jpg


A little deeper. Here you can understand why the smooth and even ramps are important.

IMG_1723.jpg


A little further.

IMG_1724.jpg


Not much more distance was required for the two pieces to separate. In fact, this axe was easily blowing apart every piece of wood I had. It is so smooth and even, it is almost scary how easy it blows through, and at some times surprising!

I had to find a really twisted piece of elm that would allow me to get the axe head in deep enough to demo this. You can see how twisted the grain is.

IMG_1725.jpg


Now, this is not real use, this is actually staged. But, the portion of a similar GB axe is what has always given me heartache.

IMG_1726.jpg


IMG_1727.jpg


You can actually see why that steep transition does not allow smooth transition through the wood.

I have actually batoned wood with this axe and have major difficulty when reaching this critical point. I would hit the axe, and the wood would put pressure against the head, and would literally "jump" back out of the wood. Repeatedly. Now, I am not here to put any product down. Just stating my observations.

To be continued again.....
 
The axe also does well at cross cutting. This is some dried, old hard maple, and decent chunks were coming out without much effort.

IMG_1729.jpg


Here it is side-by-side with the GB, in case you are interested:

IMG_1730.jpg


Finally, one more modification I might consider making is bobbing the tail like its big brother. I know this is a mental thing, and probably wouldn't effect performance, but there is something I like about the knob on the bigger axe.

IMG_1709.jpg


I guess in summary, I am extremely pleased with the performance of this modified axe. The high polish is not about cosmetics. It is about performance. It slides through wood like it is greased!

It also doubles as a camp mirror and a signaling device :D

Any thoughts, comments, or feedback would be appreciated.

Thanks for looking,
Brian
 
I've always been a big fan of the S&N Penobscot Bay axe. I never brought the head to a high polish like that (since I'd have to do it by hand) but did take the time for a good hand profiling/sharpening. It's my best performing hatchet.
 
Awesome writeup and very timely. I should have some birthday money coming soon and am seriously considering a nice hand axe. That one looks great.

Really liked the "staged" series of pics. Shows what happens.

Thanks,

Charlie
 
wow.. great stuff brian...:thumbup: i have yet to handle a S & N... we have a few G & B's and love them..
 
Awsome write up. Its realy is great how you post the pics with the explanation of what you are doing and Why you are doing it... I find my self going up and down looking at the pics while reading your post... Thanks

Sasha
 
Great write up. Very well explained and great pics to diagram everything.
Now I have to get an axe and get working on it. Thanks a lot.:)
 
Thanks a lot Brian. I never cared for axes, anything bigger than a small hatchet. But This may have been why I had troubles. I thought it was my technique. I did convex mine and even the grinds and such out, but never spent the time to check it all out like you did this one. Damnit, now I need to get an axe! :) What's the cheapest decent one I can get? I'd really like to do this and see how much better luck I have with the performance. Even with a big chopper , making larger projects can be a PITA with a blade. I learned something today, thanks again Brian!
 
Really liked the "staged" series of pics. Shows what happens.

Actually, the S&N pics were not staged. I found the gnarliest piece of wood I had and just took pics of batoning it through.

After I seperated it two pieces, I staged the GB with those two pieces of wood to show the area of head that bugs me. I have done enough splitting/batoning with that axe that I did not want to repeat it.

I've always been a big fan of the S&N Penobscot Bay axe. I never brought the head to a high polish like that (since I'd have to do it by hand) but did take the time for a good hand profiling/sharpening. It's my best performing hatchet.

Actually, the polishing is secondary. Getting those 3 key areas all even are the real reason for all the work :thumbup:

Thanks guys for the feedback.
 
Bryan, could you recommend a good "starter" axe? I would really like to get an idea of what I'll have to spend now that you've made me all curious again!
 
Why not the one that I have used here? They retail for around $50. Depending on whether you want to spend more or less, or want a longer or shorter handle, I would be able to help you pic another, if this one in particular doesn't suit you.

Just let me know,
B
 
No , it would be fine. Just under the influence of the meds right now and it has weakend my search-fu . $50 would be fine. I thought one that nice would be a good bit more. I am just a total newbie with anything above a Hawk or small hatchet. I think I'll work on my little hatchet for now, it's gotta help it. BTW what's the finest grit you'd recommend taking it down to? Thanks again, sorry for all the questions....Steve
 
Last edited:
Damn, now I want to buy a small ax:D


Great write up bro, and excellent picks and explanations.

Thank you:thumbup:
 
Well Brian, you made me spend more money. ;)

PS I already have three GB's and two Gerbers so I'm going to have to part with some of those, and you can guess which two. :eek:
 
Yep, it was a great write up. Really well explained and written. Sorry I didn't say that before. I really enjoy his blog too.
 
Great write up brian. Very well illustrated, I can totally see what you are talking about.

So with a little work, most axe heads with good steel can be worked into a very useable tool.

SO, the S&N is a good one to start with. I am gonna have to get me one and do a little work to it!

Thanks for the post!
 
Back
Top