Peppe, not to go too far on the subject, section 35 of the NYS PL defines what justifies the use of force in NY and "any reason force" can be used by a security officer here even to eject a simple tresspasser, and a person in custodial care of real property can also use reasonable force. This includes a usher in a movie theatre grabbing some one's arm to escort them out for being disorderly. This is a fairly common thread in the law in most jurisdictions. We own residential only in Florida, but I will ask a few of our security directors there at our next annual meeting. I do note that the old man was granted a "civil" award not a criminal charge against the security officer. People sue and win for anything, so if you use a civil judgement as a method of determining what you can and can not do then you would have to lock yourself in your house as people will sue for anything. ( even inmates sue correction officers).....