My answer regarding viscous quenches

Absolutely no need for thanking me, when it comes down to it I am here for the exact same reason most of us are- WE HAVE NO SOCIAL LIFE! (or our wives are thoroughly tired of hearing about alloys, edge holding and quenchants, and the nearest person who is interested is 300+ miles away):(

I come on here to socialize, to see what is being talked about out there, and to shake things up so that people will really examine the established wisdom instead of just reciting it, that is my agenda- yes I freely admit that I have one. I really offer nothing new, I recently saw a saying that went something like this- copy from one book and it is called plagiarism, copy from a dozen and it is called a research paper. If more folks just went to the library instead of the magazine stand, the benefits of having me around would fade fairly quickly.

Oh Kevin this is so true. Just the other night my wife was fussing about me being on this forum. She told me that all I do is either work on knives or on line reading about knives, you never want to do anything with me. So I said ok no problem, lets watch a movie. She picked out the movie she had been wanting to see and then 15 mins into it she fell asleep, leaving me to watch this chic flick and tell her all about it when she wakes up. You are so right, we have no social life. :eek:
 
Do the mineral oils, canola, ATF, olive oil, etc. that many smiths use fail to quench the steel quickly enough?
My question remains; I understand the commercial quenchants have been proven to work, but have any or all of these others been proven to not work. (proving the neg.?)

Here is the problem with proving any of it- what is "working" or "not working", we all have our own standards by which something is successful, for some skating a file and bending in a vice is the ultimate heat treat. Here is an excellent example- years ago when I taught The ABS intro class in Arkansas, one day I found a bucket if Parks #50 in the back room and was giddy as I brought it out for the students to use a real quenchant instead of the tar-like black sludge they had been using. That lasted about one day before the #50 got sealed up and put away. You see with actual full hardness on the blades the new makers were doing, we had them breaking left and right instead of bending. In this case the more effective quench did not work at all for the goals they had.

Will a low viscosity, highly conductive quenchant with a minimal vapor jacket produce more martensite for a more thorough hardening- absolutely! My tests show this, industries tests show it and that is exactly what they design it for. Will a person who has different goals than what the maximum martensite possible will provide for find this as working best- probably not.

This is at the heart of my not wanting to tell anybody what to use, but instead giving them information which they can use to make their own informed decisions. Proving why something doesn't work just doesn't fall into that approach, if the other side can't provide sound data as to why their suggestions work, then why do I need to go any further my my information? I've done my part, the average person should be able to make up their mind beyond that with the facts provided, or not provided.

I have read mention of the fact that canola is used as a commercial quenchant.
Canola oil is used as a base in some quenchants, just as mineral oil is the base in Parks #50, but it is not just mineral oil. Iron is the base in steel, in fact it is the majority of steel, but it is clear that steel and iron are two very different things. Houghton offers an canola oil based quenchant and there are also soy based quenchants, but I really doubt you want to cook a meal in any of it;).

I know that industry has other requirements that knifemakers do not, that have nothing to do with the effectiveness of the quench.
But the flip side of this is that bladesmiths have many requirements or goals that would leave most of industry just scratching their head. When we get right down to knife functions as a cutting tool and lose all the silly marketing about bending and hacking outrageous things, most of the requirements match up with industry's quite well. Industry makes heavy duty cutting blades and slitters all the time using these products, cutters and slitters that see a heck of a lot more wear and tear than a 4" drop point hunter.

I have no lab equipment or inclination to test quenches. Or axes to grind (figuratively). I only want to know if there is data available that shows which oils work and which do not. Industry had to start with decent quenches and then improved on them to provide the users with other benefits. (resistance to flare ups, ease of after quench cleaning etc.)

Yes, an excellent starting place is "Quenching and Martempering" by the ASM Committees on Quenching and Martempering, I have no ISBN number but you can find it on some of the used books sites. It covers in detail all aspects of quenching and quenchants including some of the older materials, how they evolved and why.

Thanks Again Kevin! ...
Alden

You really are welcome Alden, despite all of my whining:).
 
Kevin, I know from what I have read of your writings what to expect :). I know that you feel like a lightning rod but then again you stand the tallest.
I would like to meet you, and will. But in the meantime we have to pussyfoot through this inexact communcation method. I fully understand how easy it is to ruffle feathers when so much is lost without facial expressions, voice inflections, etc.
That being said I know many people use "other oil quenchants". Are there test results showing which work, which do not. I just have a difficult time understanding that only commercial quenchants are good quenchants.
As slow as I type our posts may once again cross paths.

Thank you!
Alden

Your insight into how this communication medium heavily distorts our perceptions makes you an exceptional person in my eyes. I have never had such a gentle reaction to my heavy handed typing style, this makes you a gentlemen that I very much look forward to meeting one day in hopes of showing that in person I can be as soft spoken and in control as you have shown yourself to be in this thread.

I am also now rather more intimidated by the thought of debating you. People who rant and rave, name call or are easily angered almost always are weak debaters, it is a discipline that I continue to work on. Your calm civil approach puts forth an unnerving position of strength. I do respect that. The people I have angered on these forums just sort of blur together in their commonality, you however will stand out and once again leave me looking forward to meeting you.
 
Kevin, in all actuality I am a thick skinned abrasive bastard. But now that I've conned you, thank you for providing that book title. That may provide some of what I desire.
I know that the steel and blades of manufacturing require the same heat treat as our own. But the requirements that may be of less significance are things like flash point (we won't be quenching large numbers of heavy items), residual debris on the surface (we will be doing more finish work anyway), warranteed repeatability, access to engineering help, etc..
The subjective requirements I spoke of before was that you had written you like the color and feel of the Parks #50, Wayne had written portability and odor were factors for him in his quench. Like it or not the human-material interface may prove to be a very large part of our reasoning.
I apologize for appearing to pit you against another, it's just that you have mentioned that other quench often enough that I thought you had seen evidence of less than good results with it. I know it doesn't have a very scientific appearance, but how do the facts stack up?
It is humorous that others rush to your defense even when you aren't threatened, and have displayed an ability to fend for yourself.:)
I didn't know that mineral oil was the base for #50, that is good to know.
I will be looking for the book title you mentioned. I have a strong desire to know how things work and why. I am not afflicted as deeply as you, and am aware that I will never have the knowledge on these things as you. I really couldn't even carry on an intelligent conversation on metallurgy and related science with you.
Thanks
Alden :)
 
Holy cow!

You and Tim Wright having a "feud" would probably be one of the most entertaining and enlightening threads we've seen in a long time.:eek:

The science teacher in me really appreciates of the effort you've put into helping us understand the science of heat treating, and the debunking of various myths. I also know it can sometimes be a lonely spot when others don't take the care and time to do the research before they come in with guns blazing.

See you at Ashokan this fall.

Bill
 
Ahem... I would like to point out that I, yes I am the only authorized entity to own, possess, transport, train or cohabitate with ninja monkeys. Ninja monkeys are trademarked by Leavitt Knives and it's subsidiaries. Any usage of ninja monkeys in the production of cutlery on implied usage of aforementioned ninja monkeys in the production of cutlery without expressed written consent will result in the offender being spindled, stapled and folded. At a time of our choosing the monkeys will utilize their ninja skills to toss copper and brass shavings into the offender's welding forge.

Now that we've gotten that semi-straight. :)
 
I would think that after X number of threads where Kevin has laid out the case for fast quenching oils and the 10XX steels that people would begin to see that these steels require special care.

On the other hand there are several perfectly servicable Carbon steels like O1, 5160, 52100 and so on that are not so vulnerable to getting into the
Pearlite field in a slower quench. In my mind these steels are where I would concentrate while I was limited to cheaper quenching media.

Before I started using plates on tool steels and stainless in 2003, I did a lot of oil quenching with canola and olive oils. They worked fine.

Based on earlier versions of this thread and other discussions here, I started using fast quenching oil on simple Carbon steels like 1084 and W1 on 2005and have had very good results. Why fight with success? Science depends on replicability of process, but we don't have to always reinvent the wheel. Based on the same threads, I also started to even do short soaks on the simple steels. The results have been uncontestable.
 
<SNIP>



Yes, an excellent starting place is "Quenching and Martempering" by the ASM Committees on Quenching and Martempering, I have no ISBN number but you can find it on some of the used books sites. It covers in detail all aspects of quenching and quenchants including some of the older materials, how they evolved and why.



You really are welcome Alden, despite all of my whining:).

I'm now on the board of the local chapter of the ASM, if anyone wants to find out if this is available new PM me and I'll look in to it.

-Page
 
I'd like to say, as I've said before, that I'm happily impressed by the character and sanity shown by the other posters here. You are gentlemen, some of you are scholars, all of you are craftsmen in your own right. I aspire to one day stand among you as an equal. Aim high, as the Air Force used to say in their recruiting ads.

Continuing the struggle, and learning a little bit every day... thanks for your encouragment and leadership, gents!
 
Absolutely no need for thanking me, when it comes down to it I am here for the exact same reason most of us are- WE HAVE NO SOCIAL LIFE! (or our wives are thoroughly tired of hearing about alloys, edge holding and quenchants, and the nearest person who is interested is 300+ miles away):(

I come on here to socialize, to see what is being talked about out there, and to shake things up so that people will really examine the established wisdom instead of just reciting it, that is my agenda- yes I freely admit that I have one. I really offer nothing new, I recently saw a saying that went something like this- copy from one book and it is called plagiarism, copy from a dozen and it is called a research paper. If more folks just went to the library instead of the magazine stand, the benefits of having me around would fade fairly quickly.

I know that this was quoted earlier on this thread, but I gotta second that this is so true. My wife already knows more about knives than she ever wanted to, I'm sure, and I can only be grateful that she is (usually) such a good sport about having to listen to more.

All of the people out in the world that I work with and talk to all day don't have a clue or even want one about this kind of stuff. It's very nice to find the kind of company that one can agree, or even better, debate the finer "points" of knives with.

You do offer a lot Kevin, and definitely merit thanking. I really liked the above words for instance, I now have a good new quote (plagiarism) to remember. (Forget all too soon).:D
 
"Quenching and Martempering" by ASM doesn't have an ISBN (mores the loss). Found that out here http://www.loc.gov/index.html(goto Library Catalogs, goto Basis Search).

I think searching books works best with an ISBN. I ususally get them in a Library of Congress search, then take that number here (preferentially): http://www.usedbooksearch.co.uk/. Without a IBSN I searched "Quenching and Martempering"... There are copies of the book out there in bookseller land...

Mike
 
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Thank you to everyone that posted. Thanks for bringing the tone of this thread back into line. It strikes me as odd that people get so riled up when asked to present scientifically based data for the effectiveness of various quenches. Not just this thread. There is almost a religious fervor surrounding the commercial quenches.
I did find the book that Kevin referenced, but I would like to peruse it before spending $90 to add it to my library. I think I"ll look in a university library first.
Stacy thanks for the link, I did find that yesterday on Houghton's site (I think that is where it's posted). I put the link in "my favorites" so that I can study it when my brain is willing (it is 76 pages).
It looks like from what I read yesterday that the condition of the quench is critical. The comercial quench producers offer free testing of their own products. I feel that some of problems that people speak of on their quenchants can be attributed to contamination. All quenches need to be protected from the air, dust, water, and other unwanted additions. These things will cause degradation of even the most expensive quenchants.
Thanks:)
Alden
 
Difference in opions are just that. If we all thought the same we would all be using the same steel and the same HT to make the same design of knife. How boring and pointless. It is kind of like work. In my section we have 2 maintenance foremen. Another guy and me. We both have somewhat different approaches to many of the jobs and how to handle our manpower. I believe we are both well respected by management and our guys. His approach suits him and mine works for me. He has his reasons and I have mine. We get along fine. We both accomplish our work loads safely and productively. That is the bottom line. Sometimes we have a conflict and when we do it ends with a quick meeting and discussion on whats going on. A couple minutes latter we have the big issues sorted out and go on our way. There are many ways to skin a cat. Jim
 
Thank you to everyone that posted. Thanks for bringing the tone of this thread back into line. It strikes me as odd that people get so riled up when asked to present scientifically based data for the effectiveness of various quenches. Not just this thread. There is almost a religious fervor surrounding the commercial quenches.
I did find the book that Kevin referenced, but I would like to peruse it before spending $90 to add it to my library. I think I"ll look in a university library first.
Stacy thanks for the link, I did find that yesterday on Houghton's site (I think that is where it's posted). I put the link in "my favorites" so that I can study it when my brain is willing (it is 76 pages).
It looks like from what I read yesterday that the condition of the quench is critical. The comercial quench producers offer free testing of their own products. I feel that some of problems that people speak of on their quenchants can be attributed to contamination. All quenches need to be protected from the air, dust, water, and other unwanted additions. These things will cause degradation of even the most expensive quenchants.
Thanks:)
Alden

Alden,

The search I did showed a number of used copies in the $50-$60 range. And there is inter-library loan that I've done a number of times for books I couldn't afford and/or didn't want to own.

Mike
 
Alden,

The search I did showed a number of used copies in the $50-$60 range. And there is inter-library loan that I've done a number of times for books I couldn't afford and/or didn't want to own.

Mike

Mike, Kevin, and everyone, I found a copy online last evening for a reasonable price and ordered it. Google booksearch has quite a few books online, some full copies, some sample exerpts. A lot of the ASM books are on there and these books are over 200 dollars new. It definitely is worth looking at to see if the info you desire is on there. There are links to the booksellers. That is where I located this copy.
Thanks :):thumbup:
Alden
 
In the spirit of the original question- I know of no laboratory studies ever being done, nor any knifemakers who have studied it enough to determine if a fully pearlitic 1084 hunting knife blade won’t cut as well as a hardened one, what does this tell us as to the merits of simply eliminating the heat treatment altogether?

Thank you to everyone that posted. Thanks for bringing the tone of this thread back into line. It strikes me as odd that people get so riled up when asked to present scientifically based data for the effectiveness of various quenches. Not just this thread. There is almost a religious fervor surrounding the commercial quenches.
...

People tend to get irritated when asked by flat Earthers to produce proof we live on a sphere. We spend a few years to develop the bull dozer and then are a wee bit perplexed when somebody asks us to provide laboratory studies as to why it works any better than a wooden shovel. :confused:

Believe me after witnessing first hand the other side of this to a FAR greater extent I can safely assure you that the quench oil users have nothing on the improvised quench crowd when it comes to blind religious fever!

Religion is a matter of faith that negates the need for any scientific evidence or proof for the true believer. In fact to accurately represent what I have seen I could replace the word "religion" temporally with "cult". In a cult the only need of proof is often the mere words of the cult leader, couple this with a few sensationalistic demonstrations of the miraculous power of true belief and you have yourself a group of people that will not only need no true analysis for their belief, they will become instantly hostile at the attempt to refute the word of their heros. Now tell me which side of this rift most closely fits that description? I have and will publicly challenge anybody who even attempts the argument "because Kevin says so!", yet the only evidence many need is a word from the magazine contributor of the week.

My gut feelings about how "objective" the motives of these questions are now proving true. I still like you Alden, but I may have to reconsider my assessment of your debating prowess if hammering the same weak points as if the other side has said nothing is the most you have. The majority of this exercise seems to consist of merely turning the tables by either transferring the behavior of one side onto the other, or simply ignoring the points provided by the other side. The burden of proof has been well exceeded by the rest of the modern world on properly formulated quenchants. I have not only pointed you to a mere starting point for the endless documentation of the research and development of these products in their evolution from some of the "alternatives" in question, I have pointed out my own studies (exactly what you asked for) that guided me through my evolution in choosing the best mediums for this application. Yet here we are back to the same assertions as if none of them had been addressed.

In sincerely hope, and would certainly discourage anybody coming to my defense here, in fact I think you misinterpret what is being defended. We have worked hard here to establish a rather lonely and unique outpost here where sound data can finally trump the blind following of traditional bladesmithing wisdom. When it is so easy for so many to just to take what is written a magazine as worthy of unquestioning belief, the mere suggestion of us steeping backwards towards that, is rather threatening. So I am certain I can offer a little insight into the perceived "riled up" nature of the reaction many of us have to this topic. We are here to share the best info we can and to help others in the craft, some topics and trouble areas come up far more often than others. Perhaps one of the most common conversations involves an inquiry on what went wrong with a heat treatment that too often includes a quench into "interesting" choices in quench medium. We point out all the mechanisms of and reactions in the quenching process and what mediums would best meet these demands only to have the same vapid arguments hurled at us like arrows by either the questioner or some lurker who cannot tolerate having a belief threatened. We offer data and explanations for our advise and get challenges to do the other sides homework for them, in hopes that we may not have all the answers for both sides.

And that is exactly why I threw away a portion of my weekend, entertaining a flat Earth debate here, there are folks out there capable of thinking that if you simply ignore a flat earth theory, that it is proof that they may be right, and that you could not refute them, as opposed to having a million better things to do than even try.

Since it has been some time since we had a detailed, and objective, discussion just on the quenching process, in order to show how foolish I really can be I think I will start another thread that covers many of the points in the book that I referenced. I won't include any product recommendations, but may point out some features that would allow certain materials to meet or not meet the demands discussed. No lard wars, just a step by step on how quenching works, and when the information is presented allow readers to make their own informed opinions.
 
On a side note, I have the benefit of a side job in firefighting that often on a weekly basis helps me keep perspective about what really matters in life, indeed how precious life is, and how we waste it getting worked up over insignificant distractions. Today while typing my posts for this forum I have been interrupted twice to help people with needs that far exceed what quenchants to use. The first victim lost the fight, and I again experienced real concerns worthy of bringing me emotional turmoil, the second we cut from an overturned vehicle and sent them on their way to an E.R. securely packaged for transport, I have a hunch they will be fine. But on both scenes I thought about the silly nonsense I was typing on this screen just before, and in my head I laughed. It is an amazing thing, one person has left this world, another will spend some time rebuilding theirs and we sit here and bitch at each other about what to put hot blades into. Passion is good, perspective is better.

So, I would like to just wind down my participation in this thread and move on to the constructively positive and informative thread I suggested.
 
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