The process is called galvanic corrosion. When two materials with different galvanic constants are put in contact with an electrolyte, an electric circuit forms and one of the one with the lower galvanic constant corrodes. It's the same reason why you see a lot of corrosion where steel and copper plumbing is connected.
It really shouldn't be a problem with a laminated knife unless it spends a lot of time around salt water. In most high moisture applications where carbon fiber and steel are bonded together, a thin layer of fiberglass is between them.
Thank you a lot, it's nice to know. I am screwing two carbon scales around a 1/32" piece of steel, and I had no idea it could corrode. I'm using screws without adhesive because I don't like the idea of just an adhesive holding it together. A few pins are another option, but I'm going to make some with just screws so that it will be surely mechanically held together, and even be able to be taken apart. Do you know where I could get super-thin fiberglass? Thanks again.
God Bless,
Richard