Looks like we'll just have to agree to disagree, which is fine. I have my opinions and you have your own and I doubt there's much either of us could say to sway the other from their position.
I think it's fine to agree to disagree. If we didn't, we wouldn't have a basis to talk about knives.
My sense of the thread is that there are 2 basic camps of thought. One is that that OP is right and that his friend would benefit from using an expensive knife. The other is that the friend's desire to use inexpensive knives should be accepted, if not respected.
I'm in the latter camp. My only addition to that is my assertion that there are inexpensive knives that are very durable and that won't fall apart quickly for the OP's friend. I've recommended the Mora Companion and Opinel 9 or 10 as examples of inexpensive knives that are very durable.
Having said that, I think that gifting the OP's friend a knife in the sub $25 category isn't really the best move if he's trying to impart upon his friend the value of spending a little more to get a quality blade that one can reasonably expect to have a much longer lifespan, nor would it likely be in the OP's interest to try and ween his friend off of "disposable" knives by gifting/giving him a slightly better..."disposable" knife (according to your definition of that term)

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I no longer believe that money necessarily buys you durability in knives. It can - sometimes. But generally speaking, I think durability has much more to do with design and also with materials. I'll amplify that a bit in discussing the Buck 110 and Opinel 9/10 below.
The Buck 110 keeps being mentioned so I'll use it as a specific example. You can grab the 110LT for less than $30 off of some online retailers. The more classic offering with brass bolsters and wooden handles with metal frame construction can be had for less than $50. Barring severe financial problems and a complete lack of willingness to shop online, why wouldn't one spend the extra cash on the sturdier model if durability is valued over saving some ounces in this case?
I got my first 110 in '77 and still use it today as my hunting knife. I've had more pocket time with the 110 than any other knife and have owned more Buck (and Schrade USA) lock backs than I can count. I'll summarize my comparison of the 110 compared to the Opinel 9 & 10, which I've also been using for more than a decade now.
Shortest version is this: The Buck 110 is an excellent hunting knife. The Opinel was designed primarily as a farming/utility knife for laborers and handles hard work better.
In terms of steels, the knives are comparable. 420HC and 12C27 both perform good enough for most uses if hardened well and Buck and Opinel both get these steels in the 56Rc range (which is a point or two higher than Mora, Case and Victorinox, btw). IME, this is as good as it gets in the $25 range. Fans of better steels make great points about the steels that are available in a higher price ranges and that's a separate discussion. Leave it to say that laborers have suffered through using well hardened fine grained steels for centuries. Buck's 420HC and Opinel's 12C27 are fine for both EDC and hard use if you commit to sharpening your knife and are much better than no-name crap steel with poor heat treat.
Please note, I'm not saying that there aren't good arguments for better steels. Just noting that among the budget steels, Buck's 420HC and Opinel's 12C27 are both quite good for what they are.
In terms of lock strength, the Buck 110's lock is much stronger so long as you exclude sharp impacts such as pointless spine wack tests (they can dislodge the lock bar through inertia) or even more pointless car hood stabbing demos. The Opinel's lock ring won't stand up to hard closing pressures and people who ignore this will cut off their fingers.
In terms to standing up to hard cutting forces, like repeatedly cutting back brush or powering through tough cordage, the Buck 110 is prone to developing vertical blade play (aka lock rock). The blade/lock bar face can deform, as can the lock bar pivot. You can often feel this by keeping your thumb on top of the lock bar as you cut. You will feel the lock bar rise under hard cutting. When bad, this can lead to dangerous "sling shot" closure when you cut through a hard medium like a branch. This will lift a loose lock bar to the point of not being engaged, so when you finish the cut, the blade can fly forward before the lock bar springs back into place.
This problem is much worse among Buck's plastic framed lock backs. If you trash enough plastic framed lock backs (as I have) Buck's warranty department will politely and correct advise you to stick with their metal framed knives (which I do, now) which minimizes but does not eliminate the problem. We should remember, the 110 is first and foremost a hunting knife and you don't make hard cuts like this when dressing a deer.
In terms of horizontal play, the Buck 110 uses traditional hidden peened pivot construction and prying with the blade will produce lateral play eventually.
I've pushed Opinels harder than any Buck I've owned and have yet to produce vertical or horizontal play. The pivot is steel and is fully peened. You can marginally loosen up an Opinel, but it takes using a large bladed screw driver in the joint and even then, I've never had one so loose that it had any lateral play. In terms of hard cutting, I've seen pictures of well used Opinels where the inner collar started to deform where the blade hits it and over time, the blade will sit higher and higher and as that happens, the lock ring will spin more. I could see that an Opinel could potentially wear out in this way, but I've never been able to push an Opinel that hard - never have developed play with one despite heaping scornful abuse on them, including prying and batoning with them (with the lock ring disengaged).
Please note, I carry a 110 most days. It's plenty durable for my average EDC needs. And I'm not saying the Opinel is the most durable in existence. Just noting that if the OP wants to gift his buddy a durable knife, he can do so while staying inside his buddy's preferred low price range.
The second point can be divided into two sub points. You keep mentioning "disposable" knives, and from the way you keep mentioning it, you seem to be giving the term a negative connotation (please feel free to correct me if I'm wrong on that).
There is a saying something to effect of, it's better to own your things than to be owned by them.
Bob Loveless said something similar when he said that knives are tools and when we forget that, we've lost perspective.
Or, as a group of hard charging skiers I used to work with put it, all skis are rocks rock skis.
The last comment allowed my skiing to go the next level. If you have $500 skis and fear damaging them on rocks, you ski timidly. When I treat my skis as "disposable", I ski more aggressively.
I've a hunch the OP's buddy has internalized the same ideal. I'm guessing he doesn't want a knife he has to worry about, just like some folks don't want a pick up truck they can't scratch and dent.
In the end, all of our knives are disposable, I suppose. But I don't mean anything negative by it. But I only have a few knives that I don't treat with disposable disregard. The fancy 110 my wife gave me is an exceptions, as are a few other nice Bucks that I have like a old script 500 and a first generation 112 gifted to me by a guy who carried it in Vietnam. But my Opinels and some of my other Bucks... they get beat on.
Again, if you like Opinels, no one's going to hold that against you. In this case though, it would seem that
if the OP decides to treat his friend, in this particular case an Opinel would likely not be the best choice for his friend based on what OP has shared with us so far.
The concern that the OP raised about his buddy's cheap knives was not fit and finish. It wasn't appreciation for fine cutlery craftsmanship or exotic scales.
The concern he raised was durability. He noted that his buddy's inexpensive knives kept breaking on him.
In the $25 US range, I pointed the Mora Companion and Opinel 9 or 10 as being particularly durable. IME, plastic framed lock backs don't even come close and even more expensive metal frame lock backs aren't as durable.
Can you suggest a budget knife with good durability for somebody who is know for breaking knives?