Good grief...
You obviously have internet access. Maybe do a little searching and reading up on acid etching? If FiF is your sole base of 'knifemaking knowledge', you must not do any further heat treatment after the quench either, since they never show that on FiF.
The acid etch is simply to oxidize the steel, because high carbon vs mild steel oxidize differently. The acid etch simply makes the contrast between mild and high carbon steel readily visible (i.e. to reveal the high carbon edge in san mai, or the patterns in damascus).
After the acid etch, it's usually wiped or soaked with a neutralizer to neutralize the acid. It's one of the processes they don't usually show, because it's just a part of knifemaking, but isn't glamorous/spectacular. Acid etching has NOTHING to do with protecting the steel.