The differences betwen D2/CPM-D2 and 154CM/CPM-154 come from the CPM, or Crucible Powder Metallurgy, process. Basically, the powder steel versions from Crucible are more uniform in structure, leading to more consistent qualities and overall slightly improved performance.
In the case of S30V, Crucible is the only company making it, therefore there is no non-powder version of the steel. All S30V is technically CPM-S30V, so many places leave the CPM part off the description entirely.
EDI: Or what goodeyesniper said.