What's the toughest powdered metallurgy stainless steel?

I disagree. Toughness counts in all but a very few, very specific knives... certainly in a general-use 6" blade. See the other examples about running into a staple in a box or a knot in a piece of wood or a bone in a chicken or...


Impact testing is shock testing.

The staples and or chicken bones etc damage is more side loading or compression damage..

Twisting is also related to that kind of damage.

I have cut right through chicken bones and knots in wood with S110V at 65 RC that's really thin with zero edge damage and S110V isn't exactly high on the Impact testing chart especially at 65 RC.

But it does have a very high compression strength at 65 RC.

One can take the toughest steel and if the hardness isn't high enough to give it enough compression strength to avoid rolling it's not much good because the edge will roll too easy or suffer damage.

S7 would be a better choice for a cleaver than S90V due to S7 having more impact resistance than S90V, but here that is impact in the way a cleaver is used.

Just a general example.
 
With all due respect, I'm not sure that using a knife blade as a wedge on a nail while using the force of slamming a hammer down on the top of the blade to split said nail in half qualifies as "cutting". There is a vast difference between that and running over an industrial staple while opening a package from the UPS man.

I just came in here commenting as the newb I am because I thoroughly enjoy the aggressiveness of S30V, didn't understand the negativity and wanted to make a few points.
 
With all due respect, I'm not sure that using a knife blade as a wedge on a nail while using the force of slamming a hammer down on the top of the blade to split said nail in half qualifies as "cutting". There is a vast difference between that and running over an industrial staple while opening a package from the UPS man.

I just came in here commenting as the newb I am because I thoroughly enjoy the aggressiveness of S30V, didn't understand the negativity and wanted to make a few points.

That's impact testing... Hitting it with a hammer.

Or take the same knife and push it straight through the nail (spine inline with the edge) without hitting it with a hammer and that would be Compression strength.

Or push it through the nail on an angle, that would be side loading....
 
That S30V can't run over staples or bump concrete without destroying itself is a pretty fantastic claim. Spyderco then must be run by a bunch of idiots to offer it in all of their premium knives, right?

and "real world experience". In something as partisan as this thread I'm kind of skeptical about the variability of what that means for you.

First off, I didn't say "destroying" itself. All times I have had S30V roll/chip I fixed it, and the knives are back in service and get used. It is a pain to fix though, and I would just rather not have to grind away a bunch of steel to get a nice smooth edge back. It is the only steel that has showed damage from cardboard cutting. Granted that was on a factory edge, and I see some validity to the claim that factory edges need to be sharpened away and better results will be had. Spyderco does not offer it in all of their "premium" knives. S30V and VG-10 have become the default steels for Spyderco. VG-10 for Japan and S30V for Taichung and Golden. I have noticed a trend in the Taichung knives being shifted to XHP which is a very welcome change in my mind. Their "premium" knives as I see it are using CTS-204P, M390, ZDP-189, CTS-XHP (sort of as mentioned earlier), M4, CRUWEAR, Super Blue, S90V, S110V, K390, and others.

I gave a very specific example of what "real world experience" means to me. Running an edge over a staple under masking tape on a box has chipped/rolled my S30V edges, and my boss' Native in S30V. I explained that I may occasionally go through what I want to cut and smack something unintentional. For example to be more specific on that, I was cutting strapping off a pallet still on the forks and once I got through the strapping I smacked the edge on the steel fork. This was my Southard (CTS-204P) and it did some damage, see below. Would have my CRUWEAR fared better? Would have a Sage fared worse? I would say yes for both based on my experiences. Also, the Southard was easier to fix than S30V. Should I have been more careful? Sure, but it is preferred to me to have a steel that will stand up to that kind of impact better than others.

 
First off, I didn't say "destroying" itself. All times I have had S30V roll/chip I fixed it, and the knives are back in service and get used. It is a pain to fix though, and I would just rather not have to grind away a bunch of steel to get a nice smooth edge back. It is the only steel that has showed damage from cardboard cutting. Granted that was on a factory edge, and I see some validity to the claim that factory edges need to be sharpened away and better results will be had. Spyderco does not offer it in all of their "premium" knives. S30V and VG-10 have become the default steels for Spyderco. VG-10 for Japan and S30V for Taichung and Golden. I have noticed a trend in the Taichung knives being shifted to XHP which is a very welcome change in my mind. Their "premium" knives as I see it are using CTS-204P, M390, ZDP-189, CTS-XHP (sort of as mentioned earlier), M4, CRUWEAR, Super Blue, S90V, S110V, K390, and others.

I gave a very specific example of what "real world experience" means to me. Running an edge over a staple under masking tape on a box has chipped/rolled my S30V edges, and my boss' Native in S30V. I explained that I may occasionally go through what I want to cut and smack something unintentional. For example to be more specific on that, I was cutting strapping off a pallet still on the forks and once I got through the strapping I smacked the edge on the steel fork. This was my Southard (CTS-204P) and it did some damage, see below. Would have my CRUWEAR fared better? Would have a Sage fared worse? I would say yes for both based on my experiences. Also, the Southard was easier to fix than S30V. Should I have been more careful? Sure, but it is preferred to me to have a steel that will stand up to that kind of impact better than others.

Those examples aren't impact damage, or related to shock testing in any way, and the reason why the S class steels like S7 do so well in the Impact testing, that's shock testing, S= Shock resistance.

You would have to smack the knives with a hammer literally since we are talking about folders here.

To get really technical and relevant here a blade would have to be set in a vice and hit it with a hammer on the side of the blade to reproduce the type of shock testing that Charpy is and I think that's were the confusion comes into play about impact testing.

The damage is from side loading and or low compression strength that caused the the edges to roll or chip out.

If you take a knife edge and put it against steel there will some some kind of damage, although it could be worse or better depending on the edge and blade geometry along with the steel and the HRC hardness.

So it's all variables with no specific answers.

Yeah I have done the same things with my own knives over the years and usually get some rolling, metal and thin knife edges, that's expected.



Like I posted before the edge will fail, one of two ways, it will roll or it will chip, but in the end it will fail one way or another once the pressure is too much for the edge to handle.

Now the damage can be reduced with thicker edge geometry and or blade geometry, but it will still there, just less.

The steel really doesn't matter all that much, it's more about geometry than the steel type, knife edge contacting steel is never a good thing, specifically on an angle.

So in the end the best thing to do is be careful or use a utility knife so you can just change the blade when cutting around steel or other metals.
 
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This was my Southard (CTS-204P) and it did some damage, see below. Would have my CRUWEAR fared better? Would have a Sage fared worse? I would say yes for both based on my experiences. Also, the Southard was easier to fix than S30V. Should I have been more careful? Sure, but it is preferred to me to have a steel that will stand up to that kind of impact better than others.



I'd like to bring up a important distinction between impact resistance and edge stability.

Just because something bad happens to your knife in an impact does not mean you have an issue with impact resistance. In fact quite often the opposite is true.

Things like lower hardness and retained austenite improve impact resistance while reducing edge stability. Whacking on something and having your edge chip or roll is an issue with edge stability and not impact strength. Whacking into something and having the edge blow out or the blade break in a brittle failure is impact resistance.

Modern metallurgical analysis of common high alloy complex steels utilizing tools that have not always been readily available such as x-ray diffraction and photon induced positron annihilation has shown higher levels of stabilized retained austenite than was once realized. It is now known that even after three high temperature tempers common complex steels such as M2 still have 20% RA in them when processed utilizing standard industrial HT practices. This RA reduces dimensional changes and improves impact resistance in thick sections by acting like circuit breakers to stop crack propagation, but the areas of soft weak RA contribute little strength to the matrix and behave like the perforations in a postage stamp when found in a thin knife edge allowing an otherwise hard strong edge to roll or easily chip away. Some makers are utilizing techniques that go contrary to steel manufacturers recommended HT protocols in order to reduce RA (and there is more of it than you'd think) in order to improve the fine edge stability of complex steels. There are things you can get away with in HT in a thin relatively uniform section like a knife blade that would cause distortion and risk of cracking in a stamping die.

Anyways, long story short, a lot of problems like you see above where an edge has failed due to rough use or an impact with something hard is poor edge stability due to poor homogeneity, not poor impact resistance. The RA that is likely the root cause is probably increasing the overall impact strength.
 
if you don't mind rusting, cpm m-4 is a high-speed, high-impact too steel. it's made into band saws for cutting annealed steel. that's as tough as you can get.
 
The science and specifics are very fascinating. I have found that the specifics are too controlled and exact and may or may not relate and to different degrees to the real world use of knives. That is why I have been talking real world. When I used "impact" I was not describing the controlled impact testing, or eluding that what I experienced was analogous to that. I realize that you couldn't perfectly put a perpendicular force tensely on the edge without side loading. I was merely using the layman's meaning of striking the edge on metal ie. a staple or steel. I am only going off of my real world experiences with what I have, what I have done and the results I have seen. I realize edge geometry is important, and all of my knives are set to a 30/40 micro.

The OP asked the toughest pm ss steel. Many many factors go into that answer, my view was purely from my real world experiences with many uncontrolled variables.
 
Seems like even though it's not stainless that CPM-M2 and CPM-M4 would be pretty badass in this thread. Yes?
 
Jim's right on the edge geometry. I had an s90v GSO 4.1 once that I've abused and it didn't suffer any damage. and check out this M390 abuse.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFzI9U64bjg

that knife didn't suffer any gross failure because 1 it had a good HT by peters and 2 it has a thick blade geometry.

I did a full review and video on the GSO 4.1 in M390, it did well subjecting it to harder use than normal. :)

[video=youtube;ImhWSVHA-54]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImhWSVHA-54&list=UUD_n6Vfcqptslco-gt6WL5g[/video]

Review here with photos.

http://www.bladeforums.com/forums/s...-Gear-GSO-4-1-in-M390-Full-review-and-testing
 
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