Why is 13C26 better?

JSR

Joined
Apr 4, 2006
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338
Looking at the carbon and chromium content, it looks to have similar carbon to 440A and a bit less chromium. I know all the other factors combined (other elements in the alloy, etc.) make a big difference, which is why I'm asking this question. It doesn't seem like a bit upgrade, but many seem to prefer it over steels like 440A (Kershaw is "upgrading" their 440A knives to 13C26) and even AUS-8. From what I've seen, 13C26 can achieve a higher hardness on the RC scale. Does that allow for better edge retention, even with the relatively low carbon content? What other characteristics does 13C26 have that make it better than what it looks like just in the numbers?

Thanks in advance for the edumication.
 
What other characteristics does 13C26 have that make it better than what it looks like just in the numbers?

In short, 13C26 is designed as a stainless steel to have optimal edge stability. This is the ability to both take and hold a very high push cutting sharpness.
Even though 440A has more carbon than 13C26, 13C26 actually has more carbon in the steel when hardened and enough chromum to give high corrosion resistance. Kershaw is underhardening it so the performance isn't ideal, and some have been critical of it such as kel_aa, but care needs to be taken here to note this isn't the steel but the way it is hardened.

-Cliff
 
The best thing I can tell you is don't get caught up in the numbers. I have had knives that were made of so called inferior steels that well out preformed superior steels by different companies. I have come to the conclusion that name means more than steel, and any good quality knife will preform close enough to another that you will never notice the difference. Of course the exception is one my father use to say "You only get what you pay for!" Now this is a statement I have found true more often then not.
 
Thanks guys!

Cliff - I really appreciate your great insight. I was hoping you'd reply. Do you know what hardness Kershaw is hardening their 13C26 to? Thus far, I've only read good reviews on Kershaw's 13C26.
 
Kershaw is under hardening it so the performance isn't ideal, and some have been critical of it
Who's been critical, one or two folks on the forum? Do you have any idea how many complaints from customers we get concerning edge retention? How bout positive performance responses, do you know how many of those we get?

Cliff, do you know we work closely with Sandvik? You must not think much of their HT advice.

"Performance isn't ideal"? We probably shouldn't go down this road again Cliff, I kinda like it around here.

As JRS just said, he's only heard "good things" about Kershaw's 13C26. I think he got it right.
 
The lower chromium in the 13C26 vs. 440a means more carbon in solution (which means higher hardness), smaller carbide size, etc. It has good toughness (in theory) because of the small carbide size, good corrosion resistance, good edge retention (in the same class as 154CM according to Phil Wilson), and it is extremely easy to sharpen (according to anyone you might ask that has used it). To the manufacturer, it can be blanked, probably the best blankable stainless there is, and it is extremely easy to polish.
 
I've been extremely pleased with my Storm II with 13C26. It holds an edge very well. At $30, it outperforms many of my more expensive knives and is now my EDC. That says it all for me. YMMV.
 
I've been extremely pleased with my Storm II with 13C26. It holds an edge very well. At $30, it outperforms many of my more expensive knives and is now my EDC. That says it all for me.
That says a lot to us as well, thank you CHP5.

This is also a very common theme that we hear most everyday.
 
Repeat after me, "chrome is bad for knife blades".

One of the primary reason that the 440A/B/C series is suboptimal in knife blades is the high chromium content. Chrome makes blades pretty, it does not make them sharp and strong. Chrome makes for more brittle blades and large carbides that interfere with sharpening.
 
We probably shouldn't go down this road again

I agree. This is a steel used for razor blades, and Cliff had a U2, with a 64 Rc cutting edge, thinned down to something like 0.004", and cut sod with a thin, full hard blade of M2. Ideal performance for Cliff is most likely not the same for others, and I see no reason to worry greatly about his criticisms. Some of us enjoy reading what Cliff writes, some with a critical eye , some possibly not (which I suppose is where your concern would come from); some enjoy(they must, since they do it often enough) arguing with him, sometimes with no ill will, and sometimes unwilling/able to check emotions at the door; and some of us like to insult Cliff, seemingly for no reason other than to hear themselves pounding on a keyboard. None of that is worth your concern, and there are more than enough Kershaw fans to make the occasional criticism less than devastating.

Back on track, sort of-

I kinda wish the Vapor was in 13C26. I've gotten over recurves, which leaves out the Storm, and I haven't seen the JYDs out yet. Plus, I rather like the Vapor pattern. I had a large one before, and wouldn't mind getting another, perhaps a different finish on the blade as well. The other one would get tiny specks of rust on the blade, and I never used it near water or on food. There's always the TiNi coating as well.

And thanks for answering my email about the steel some time back.
 
I've got a Cyclone (large) in 13C26 from kershaw, and my only complaint was the original edge geometry.

Since I reprofiled it, it cuts like a demon, and I'm afraid that I'm the reason that Kel_aa had issues with the steel. He was the first to get it after the reprofiling, and I'd left a wire edge on there... Not exactly inspiring when you try cutting paper and the edge blows out. It was my bad for not rechecking the edge, but since I've removed the weakened metal at the edge, and resharpened it, it'll go through deadfall without a complaint, and keeps the edge well.

I should send it back to kel_aa for another experience one of these days to see if he'll change his opinion of it, because I really like the steel.
 
The Swedes tend to know what they're doing when it comes to steel. Sandvik 12C27 is an excellent stainless grade for knives, IMHO, and it is not an especially complex steel compared to the latest fads. The heat treat (as always) has a lot do do with performance of any steel.
 
I think we need to remember that Kershaw is mass producing these knives, and that the average user isn’t quite so concerned with edge retention as some of us are.
I’d love it if they hardened all their steel to hold an edge as long as possible (I’d love it if every model used ZDP-189 too).
I like to put a really thin edge on my knife and I know how to take care of it. Most people don’t, “most people” is who Kershaw is trying to impress.
Everything that I have heard and seen (AUS-6 Vapor holds an edge very well) says that Kershaw does some of the best factory heat treating out there, and gets better performance out of their steel than just about anybody else.

Now if only every model was introduced with a small ZDP-189 sprint run...
 
Do you know what hardness Kershaw is hardening their 13C26 to?

I have seen it noted as low as 55-57 HRC, that is even soft for 12C27M. The $5 stainless Mora's are harder.

Do you have any idea how many complaints from customers we get concerning edge retention? How bout positive performance responses, do you know how many of those we get?

I would assume few of the former and a lot of the latter. There are in general very few negative reviews of any knives on this forum for example outside of the black listed products like DarkOps. You really don't want to use user group feedback in such a way if you are seriously interested in meaningful data.

How many users have complained about one of your knives but praised the 13C26 ones. Have you done any blind testing, given a user group a sample of unknown blades and asked for feedback? There is more of course you can do but these are some of the basic statistical methods you need to apply.

Cliff, do you know we work closely with Sandvik? You must not think much of their HT advice.

As for production references, the heat treatment of D2 published in industry standards gives a very coarse grain fracture size. However it can be made quite fine with proper time/temperature. You don't want to blindly advocate "industry does it so it has to be optimal". What are the inherent compromises? Are they the tradeoffs that are ideal for your products? Can you put more money into the process because you have the ability to work in a lower performance/cost ratio? Landes has described an optimal heat treatment of 13C26 to produce maximal edge stability so you can use that as a reference. It is quite involved though and likely the cost is simply too high outside of true customs.

As an aside for those interested, he also still makes knives. I thought he just did it while he was doing his metallurgy research. I am definately getting one from him and it will be up for a pass around assuming I can let go of it for awhile. I think I might get Roman to harden a small blank for Alvin to redo his Bos ATS-34 vs 1095 comparison. If I do that I'll definately pick up one of Kershaws and have Alvin regrind that as well for another reference point though at that hardness it would be hard to convince him to do it and the edge will likely just blow out directly.

Repeat after me, "chrome is bad for knife blades".

Only in large quantities, it does good things in small amounts. You just don't want to make it the primary carbide former unless of course you don't care about edge stability and just want high wear resistance, the D series steels for example.

I've got a Cyclone (large) in 13C26 from kershaw, and my only complaint was the original edge geometry.

Yeah, the design is the complete opposite of the focus of the steel so that is a bit of a problem obviously. I would be really curious if Sandvik actually recommended that profile for the steel because it directly contradicts Landes research.

Since I reprofiled it, it cuts like a demon, and I'm afraid that I'm the reason that Kel_aa had issues with the steel. He was the first to get it after the reprofiling, and I'd left a wire edge on there.
He sharpened it himself, one of his issues was with how poorly it responded to sharpening :

The steel I did not have a very good experience with. I found it very difficult to deburr using a Sharpmaker. Using some CrO loaded cardboard helps to align the edge, but it generally results in wire-edges that would roll. I found this a fairly difficult piece to work with, certainly not something I would seek out over many of the others I've worked with.

That was what I meant by being the heat treatment and not the steel. 13C26 is designed for minimal burr formation, the above is like complaining that 420HC had low corrosion resistance, that isn't the steel's problem. It is by design a razor blade steel so using it with tactical edge geometries makes no sense. In those geometries you would use a steel with a lower edge stability and take advantage of the higher wear resistance.

-Cliff
 
I have yet to try Kershaw's sandvik steel (that's about to change soon) however their S30V heat treat is just about right. No edge chipping (as reported with other mfg's HT), ease of sharpening and long edge life. No reason to think the upgraded steel will not receive the same care. :thumbup: :thumbup: :thumbup: :thumbup:
 
I would assume few of the former and a lot of the latter. There are in general very few negative reviews of any knives on this forum for example outside of the black listed products like DarkOps. You really don't want to use user group feedback in such a way if you are seriously interested in meaningful data.
I dunno, Cliff, that kinda doesn't make sense to me. If some facet of a knife wasn't up to snuff, I'd think a forum populated by knife aficionados would be the place I'd see the criticisms.
 
I have seen it noted as low as 55-57 HRC, that is even soft for 12C27M. The $5 stainless Mora's are harder.

-Cliff

This is from an email reply from Thomas in late Sept.

13C26 JYD's will most likely be hitting the market in late Oct./early Nov.
Rc hardness will run 59/60.

Still not the hardest the steel could go, but I'd say reasonable for the market.

completely off the subject-have you used a Scagel style folder from Ray Kirk? I'm thinking of emailing him about one, his website shows they're out of stock. Your review of his fixed blade was seemingly favorable.
 
If some facet of a knife wasn't up to snuff, I'd think a forum populated by knife aficionados would be the place I'd see the criticisms.

This requires both the ability to discriminate and an atmosphere where such critism is encouraged. Does the reply by Thomas in the above have that latter directive? Even if both held you still have to be aware the ability to bias the sample by the placebo effect. When I give knives out to people for field trials I don't tell them anything about the steel and if the name is on the blade I grind it off. I also don't tell them my experiences. They all realize that I am not looking for idle confirmation but again why introduce a possible bias. If you tell a group of people that a certain product is superior then a large amount of them will in fact find it superior even if it isn't. Not everyone will standup in a crowd and say "The Emperor has no clothes!".

Consider how many people (and makers) constantly promote forging as inherently making better blades and now contrast this with Cashens article on the subject. Only one of those commentaries can be right and only Cashen's is supported by materials science. So then why all the positive comments about forging? These are all due to well known issues of population sampling. As the very first step, you would look for the ability to discriminate. How many complaints have they made about knives. If they have none then obviously that they don't find fault with a particular model isn't a strong statement.

How many posters would readily describe in public a serious problem with a knife well known and very popular maker and contend statements made by the maker. How many people would readily praise in the reverse senario or post agreement. Unless those numbers are equal it indicates a significant population bias towards hype. It is easy to see that this exists as certain manufacturers become accepted to critize. Witness for example how CRK&T gets severly criticized for using "low end" steels but Kershaw uses the same steels in many knives but the same lambasting isn't applied to them. You can see this obviously very clearly if you go to individual forums which have the same effect but it is now so strong that it almost removes any criticism.



-Cliff
 
Looking at the carbon and chromium content, it looks to have similar carbon to 440A and a bit less chromium. I know all the other factors combined (other elements in the alloy, etc.) make a big difference, which is why I'm asking this question. It doesn't seem like a bit upgrade, but many seem to prefer it over steels like 440A (Kershaw is "upgrading" their 440A knives to 13C26) and even AUS-8. From what I've seen, 13C26 can achieve a higher hardness on the RC scale. Does that allow for better edge retention, even with the relatively low carbon content? What other characteristics does 13C26 have that make it better than what it looks like just in the numbers?

Thanks in advance for the edumication.

I am not sure - may be sombody correct me if I am wrong, I do not remember where did I read it, but Sandvic is the name of mountan in Sweden wich has iron ore deposit and this ore by nature has no any S or P in it - usual addition to ore which everybody else try to get rid of in steel production. This is what makes it better then other steel with similar composition.

12C27 is also good and does not differ too much form 13C26 - (C=0.6 Cr=14-14.5 Mn=0.35 Si=0.35) vs (C=0.65 Mn=0.65 Si=0.4 Cr=13.0) and this is why cheap Mora knives performs very well - and this is almost standart stainless for all scandinavian knives, I never saw them using 13C26, which is bit less stainless. It will be interesting to see how high carbon 19C27 will perform.

Thanks, Vassili.
 
TWitness for example how CRK&T gets severly criticized for using "low end" steels but Kershaw uses the same steels in many knives but the same lambasting isn't applied to them.

CRK&T using AUS4 which is far "lower" then 13C26 which Kershaw using.

Thanks, Vassili.
 
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