I think it depends on what we mean when we say "survival".
For me, "survival" doesn't mean camping or hiking or some recreational activity. It means a situation has happened (maybe during a camping trip or a hike) that I didn't want to happen, and I want it to be over as soon as possible. My priorities in a survival situation are to keep warm (or cool, depending on what part of the world I'm in) and to stay alive long enough to be found, or to get myself back to where I can go on with life. It wouldn't be my intention to hack civilization out of the wilderness, but rather to hack my way out of the wilderness back to civilization.
I really don't like the idea of depending on just one tool to survive, but if I could only choose one thing to have on me, it would be a small machete, regardless of latitude. If I'm surviving, I'm not thinking of whittling spoons while I'm waiting to be found. I carry a Condor Golok, which has a 14" blade.
I'd consider myself fortunate to have a smaller folding knife or multi-tool, such as Victorinox Trekker or a SwissTool, along as well.