I don't think Landes did the experiment, but found it while doing research for his book. It was from some work done in the German razor industry. The temperatures are above the melting point of steel by a fair margin. There is however a time element, and the times at those temperatures were very short, much less than a second, and very shallow on a 2" cube. In the grand scheme of things, the range of speed for hand held sharpening is pretty small, from very slow (inches per minute) as might be used on finishing passes, to 2-3 feet per second. At my fastest, while maintaining control, I can manage 3 passes on a 6" stone in about a second. While that isn't enough to show sparks, I don't have any issue believing that it could heat up the edge very quickly, and it would just as quickly cool back down. The real question is, if those temperatures are reached, but for very short times, how do they effect things. That question I have not seen addressed. Even the study you showed had temperatures reaching low austenization levels for plain carbon steels at very shallow depths. Is every knife like that ground on an uncooled grinder covered in a thin layer that has been rehardened and not tempered? I doubt it. At this point all I can say is we need more information, but I will take some precautions where feasible.