"No unnecessary weight in the poll."

What in the world is your basis for stating that I haven't learned to chop? As I told Old Axeman: attack my ideas--not me--or else you're all noise and no substance. The concepts I've presented do bear out in use. Try observing them for yourself and then tell me where they held true or fell flat. Academic and practitioner are not mutually exclusive terms and it's absurd to think that because I've gone to lengths to explain what are really very simple concepts that I somehow don't know how to swing an axe...



Again, that's dealing with cases where your axle's position has shifted. To use your method of example, the CoG should begin at 90° in all cases for comparative purposes. Consider the torque of the original axe when the CoG sits the same number of degrees to the rear. That is the difference between how you are looking at it and how I am looking at it. Because the axe will always inherently want to move in reference to the CoG it's the pivotal factor (literally and figuratively) in the use of all hand-manipulated tools.

42, to the contrary, I have watched the videos and read the endless theories that you proffer. I actually support the concept that you can swing an axe, most people can. That is not what I was saying. If you thought I was insulting you in any way, that was not my intent, I was merely expressing my opinion on what I have seen and read. For another old axemen like me, not much substance in either. Cheers, ICS


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well, this has gotten to be a long thread. Just wanted to post a picture of my hytest. not very much of a poll here!
Z6Jl8OU.jpg

Really nice profile right there, has all that you need and nothing that you don't. The reasoning behind getting rid of the poll probably is as simple as "it's not needed". For me, the theory that works best is that "the lower you can get the COG, especially in an axe, the more efficient it will cut. The other two things that come into the equation are obviously lift and drag. Reduce the drag and increase the lift to the point of maximum gain and you are on a winner. Probably too simple an explanation but it works. Cheers, ICS


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Straw man argument(?)

No, not a straw man argument. You continually refer how you think that the axe handle makes more sense to reference because it's not an invisible line. I'm saying that the axle makes more sense because its where the axe is actually balancing and therefore where it wants to center its lateral rotation. Because it contains the CoG, it's also the line along which it will balance fore/aft when held 90° to the horizontal.

Here's about how much an axe "inherently wants to move like that", according to conventional physics:

The simplified example with a 4-pound axe (with 36 inch handle) held vertically, with the center of gravity one inch in front of the vertical, results in only 0.33 foot-pounds more torque to hold it in this position, when compared with the other example with the CoG directly overhead. The extent that the axe "inherently wants to move" to reduce this 0.33 foot-pound torque is much less than the extent that the axe "wants to move" downward due to gravity (4 pounds in hand, compared to the equivalent of 4 ounces held level a foot away from the hand), and yet the axeman still holds up those 4 pounds, just like he/she will still hold back those relatively minor 0.33 foot-pounds.

It would want to inherently move, but the purpose of mentioning this was not that the force had a major impact on the axe in fore-aft pivot, but rather that it represented starting the axe in your example from a starting position that did not properly constrain the effects of moving the CoG. This is much like when people make the old flat vs. convex edge argument by saying that a convex is stronger because it fits outside the bounds of a flat V when the three points are kept the same...the reason it is stronger is actually because in the process of that manipulation the edge angle has been made thicker, and so for the basis of comparing geometry the edge angle needs to be held constant. In this case, the starting position of the CoG should always be in the starting position that results in zero torque in 2D profile.


Big mistake you're making here, the calculations I did are for movement in 2 dimensions, as mentioned earlier (and presumably obvious). This was spurred on by your claims about "desire to tilt forward or backward", which happens in 2 dimensions. I showed a way that these affects could actually be quantified, to give a fuller understanding of what's going on. (I thought you'd be appreciative. ;) ) "Wobble" and inherent "wobbliness" occur in 3 dimensions, with some other causes unrelated to these calculations.

And that's fine, but it doesn't change the fact that the behavior occurs--it only quantifies it. There's value in that, but the more fundamental matter is that those forces and behaviors are present at all. You had said:

And I think you're reading too much into the CoG's properties. An axe does not inherently want to move like that; instead, the axeman moves it where he wants to move it, and the CoG location influences the resulting torque that he/she feels in hand.

It's true that if you limit motion to only fore/aft without permitting lateral rotation then only the fore/aft torque and the handle matter significantly, but...axes don't move like that. In cases where the axle sits forward of the handle the user has to be trying to constrain the input force on the handle to the 2D plane of the stroke because the greater the distance of the handle at the grip point from the axle the greater the leverage any lateral motion at that point will have on the axle, making it easier to cause it to wobble if there's any deviation

Again, your discussion included some dubious-sounding (and changing) claims about "desire to tilt forward or backward", which is the reason I did these calculations, to provide an improved way to make those determinations. Again, I thought you would be appreciative. :)

My actual claims aren't changing. I keep trying to explain it in ways that you're able to digest it because it seems to me that you don't fully get it yet. Again, this is something that's conceptually and practically very simple to see and feel--but it's hard to put it into words that are suitably effective at communicating that information. I appreciate the fact that you went through the effort, but it has only a minimal impact on the core concept. The desire to tilt forward or backward when the CoG is changed while keeping the edge position fixed in space is only significant from the standpoint that it shows that the tool is starting from a position that is not neutral like it was before, and that it would need to have its pivot corrected in order to keep that torque you're discussing equal to before at the start of the stroke.


I'm honestly surprised that you are holding on so tightly to your theories and methods. Remember, I'm just addressing the 2-D aspects of the motion. With "real physical" axes, the forces or torques required to hold an axe straight out horizontally are clearly much greater than the forces or torques required to hold it overhead (with the center of gravity off the vertical by a couple inches), and yet the axeman is able to achieve both these "feats" (despite those "inherent desires" of the axe). This is in agreement with the calculation results. Yet, you keep insisting that the axe "inherently wants to" move back those couple inches to bring the center of gravity back to vertical, as if this were such a major force relative to all the other forces in play.

This is a major flaw in your theories, regardless of your attempts to minimize these issues.

I'm "clinging" to it because they're not flaws in my understanding of how the tool wishes to behave--I've rather apparently failed to communicate it in a way where you understand what I'm trying to get at. The reason why it's important that it want to move in that way to bring itself into balanced suspension is that it represents a shift in the axle, which is the axis around which the tool wants to rotate. This means that how the handle is oriented relative to the axle has changed and there may now be more or less potential for wobble as a result.

I strongly disagree. As I said earlier, I think it points out some major (but fixable) flaws in your theories. Mostly about reading too much into the concepts related to Center of Gravity, especially regarding motion in 2 dimensions.

See above. The importance is less so about the quantity of the force as much as what the presence of that force is indicating. Granted that the greater the force, the more change has been enacted, but the fact that it is a much smaller force than gravity acting on the axe when horizontal is inconsequential to its significance. It's mostly about what impact that's had on the axle position relative to the handle and if the altitude of a second grip point has been increased or decreased as a result, and/or if the handle has changed from following to leading the CoG (though this isn't likely under most circumstances.)
 
42, to the contrary, I have watched the videos and read the endless theories that you proffer. I actually support the concept that you can swing an axe, most people can. That is not what I was saying. If you thought I was insulting you in any way, that was not my intent, I was merely expressing my opinion on what I have seen and read. For another old axemen like me, not much substance in either. Cheers, ICS


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Thanks for the clarification.
 
As a practical matter, "seat of the pants", intuition, "common sense", etc. will often times get you where you want to go. However, this is not an explanation.

I was glad to see mathematics brought into this discussion. "If something can't be described mathematically, it can't be described". I hope you will feel empathetic to my response (eg "Do unto others...")
Please keep in mind that the following is meant as constructive criticism. . .



That's just round-off error:

11.251-11.126=0.125

Not "just" a rounding error. The above difference entered into the third table for the difference at 22 degrees is rounded correctly (0,125 ---> 0.1). The "error" is the choice of the number of decimal digits to display. This causes two problems for what is presented:

1. The first I've already pointed out. The difference calculated in table three is incorrect using the numbers presented in tables one and two.

2. If the correct difference (0.2) of the numbers presented in tables one and two is substituted in table three then the the numbers in table three would be shown as:

Degrees----Increase in Ft-Lbs
0----0.0
22----0.2
45----0.2
67----0.3
90----0.33

The values at 22 and 45 would be linear. Contradicting:
. . .the torque ranges from 12 ft-lbs (at 0 degrees) down to zero ft-lbs (at 90 degrees), but it's not a linear decrease. . .

Bob
 
...The "error" is the choice of the number of decimal digits to display....


Degrees----Increase in Ft-Lbs
0----0.0
22----0.2
45----0.2
67----0.3
90----0.33

The values at 22 and 45 would be linear. Contradicting...

I'm not so concerned about the "error" in how many digits I displayed. And my claim that the decreasing torque was not a linear decrease (when going from 0 to 90 degrees) seems to hold up, in my mind, since if you plot it out, it's not a straight line going from 0 to 90 degrees. That's what I meant, anyway.
 
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...For me, the theory that works best is that "the lower you can get the COG, especially in an axe, the more efficient it will cut. The other two things that come into the equation are obviously lift and drag. Reduce the drag and increase the lift to the point of maximum gain and you are on a winner. Probably too simple an explanation but it works. Cheers, ICS
...

Something I've wondered about those Tasmanian axes and competition axes, in your experience do you think that another benefit of "getting rid of the poll" is that it makes it easier to unstick the axe before each backswing (because of some increase leverage by having the handle pulling on the very back of the head)? Could this be an important factor during competitions?
 
I apologize to all for my part in this thread. But I have learned one thing from this, I belong in the woods, not on the internet.
Bernie
 
No, not a straw man argument. You continually refer how you think that the axe handle makes more sense to reference because it's not an invisible line. I'm saying that the axle makes more sense because its where the axe is actually balancing and therefore where it wants to center its lateral rotation. Because it contains the CoG, it's also the line along which it will balance fore/aft when held 90° to the horizontal.

It would want to inherently move, but the purpose of mentioning this was not that the force had a major impact on the axe in fore-aft pivot, but rather that it represented starting the axe in your example from a starting position that did not properly constrain the effects of moving the CoG. This is much like when people make the old flat vs. convex edge argument by saying that a convex is stronger because it fits outside the bounds of a flat V when the three points are kept the same...the reason it is stronger is actually because in the process of that manipulation the edge angle has been made thicker, and so for the basis of comparing geometry the edge angle needs to be held constant. In this case, the starting position of the CoG should always be in the starting position that results in zero torque in 2D profile.

And that's fine, but it doesn't change the fact that the behavior occurs--it only quantifies it. There's value in that, but the more fundamental matter is that those forces and behaviors are present at all. You had said:

It's true that if you limit motion to only fore/aft without permitting lateral rotation then only the fore/aft torque and the handle matter significantly, but...axes don't move like that. In cases where the axle sits forward of the handle the user has to be trying to constrain the input force on the handle to the 2D plane of the stroke because the greater the distance of the handle at the grip point from the axle the greater the leverage any lateral motion at that point will have on the axle, making it easier to cause it to wobble if there's any deviation

My actual claims aren't changing. I keep trying to explain it in ways that you're able to digest it because it seems to me that you don't fully get it yet. Again, this is something that's conceptually and practically very simple to see and feel--but it's hard to put it into words that are suitably effective at communicating that information. I appreciate the fact that you went through the effort, but it has only a minimal impact on the core concept. The desire to tilt forward or backward when the CoG is changed while keeping the edge position fixed in space is only significant from the standpoint that it shows that the tool is starting from a position that is not neutral like it was before, and that it would need to have its pivot corrected in order to keep that torque you're discussing equal to before at the start of the stroke.

I'm "clinging" to it because they're not flaws in my understanding of how the tool wishes to behave--I've rather apparently failed to communicate it in a way where you understand what I'm trying to get at. The reason why it's important that it want to move in that way to bring itself into balanced suspension is that it represents a shift in the axle, which is the axis around which the tool wants to rotate. This means that how the handle is oriented relative to the axle has changed and there may now be more or less potential for wobble as a result.

See above. The importance is less so about the quantity of the force as much as what the presence of that force is indicating. Granted that the greater the force, the more change has been enacted, but the fact that it is a much smaller force than gravity acting on the axe when horizontal is inconsequential to its significance. It's mostly about what impact that's had on the axle position relative to the handle and if the altitude of a second grip point has been increased or decreased as a result, and/or if the handle has changed from following to leading the CoG (though this isn't likely under most circumstances.)

I could once more give a point-by-point rebuttal, but I'm not going to, because who really wants to read that, and I can guess where that would probably lead (again).

I'll just say that after considering what you wrote, I still stand by what I said, because what I said follows the approach of conventional physics, using generally accepted terminology and methods, with verifiable claims that hold up when I use a real axe. The detailed calculations supporting my claims, and the basis for them, can be checked, and corrected if necessary, to further the common understanding, in language that is commonly understood.

My intention (as stated earlier) was to show that there are better, and simpler, "tools" to use for describing what you want to describe. In this latest post, you said it seems that I don't fully get it yet. To your credit, you took responsibility (instead of blaming others) by saying "I've rather apparently failed to communicate it in a way where you understand what I'm trying to get at." Yet I wonder if there is anybody else (besides you) who actually "fully gets" what you are trying to communicate. It sure doesn't seem like anyone at this Axe Forum is fully getting it.

So I will close with a suggestion to adopt more of the language (and methods) of conventional physics, as a way to help improve the understanding of your audience. Old editions of Engineering Mechanics textbooks can be picked up pretty cheap, and I think they would be valuable.
 
I could once more give a point-by-point rebuttal, but I'm not going to, because who really wants to read that, and I can guess where that would probably lead (again).

I'll just say that after considering what you wrote, I still stand by what I said, because what I said follows the approach of conventional physics, using generally accepted terminology and methods, with verifiable claims that hold up when I use a real axe. The detailed calculations supporting my claims, and the basis for them, can be checked, and corrected if necessary, to further the common understanding, in language that is commonly understood.

My intention (as stated earlier) was to show that there are better, and simpler, "tools" to use for describing what you want to describe. In this latest post, you said it seems that I don't fully get it yet. To your credit, you took responsibility (instead of blaming others) by saying "I've rather apparently failed to communicate it in a way where you understand what I'm trying to get at." Yet I wonder if there is anybody else (besides you) who actually "fully gets" what you are trying to communicate. It sure doesn't seem like anyone at this Axe Forum is fully getting it.

So I will close with a suggestion to adopt more of the language (and methods) of conventional physics, as a way to help improve the understanding of your audience. Old editions of Engineering Mechanics textbooks can be picked up pretty cheap, and I think they would be valuable.

The problem of your method is that it's only using conventional physics terminology to describe a very narrow symptom of the effects of the axle and is of no use in describing the bulk of the matter I'm addressing. I've done a decent amount of looking to see if there's existing terminology for this stuff but haven't turned up anything yet because it's a dynamic mostly found in hand tools and not in mechanical tools. In mechanical objects in rotation you usually have a literal physical axle and imbalance in the mass spinning on it is corrected by removing material at specific points around the body of the object to bring the CoG onto the axle. So describing free-bodied asymmetrical objects with one or two grip points that are on multiple hinges (our limbs) and can slide up and down the handle of the object...there's not a lot of analogous situations in common engineering situations to the best of my (current) knowledge.
 
I'm not so concerned about the "error" in how many digits I displayed. . .
Great, can I be your banker?


. . . And my claim that the decreasing torque was not a linear decrease (when going from 0 to 90 degrees) seems to hold up, in my mind, since if you plot it out, it's not a straight line going from 0 to 90 degrees. That's what I meant, anyway.
I did not say I doubted your claim, I just pointed out that the data presented did not support it.


Bob
 
I apologize to all for my part in this thread. But I have learned one thing from this, I belong in the woods, not on the internet.
Bernie

No need to apologize at all, in fact I believe you are owed an apology. When forums merely become a medium of verbal interaction to indulge impulsive "kids" then everything that might be instructive or educational quickly degrades into frayed tempers. The Internet generation knows everything (which is very much like the beliefs of 'baby boomers' 1/2 century ago, and so too all that preceded that!) but unlike us they now are able to preach (shoot off their mouths?) to a worldwide audience without physically being seen.
I was a wood shop teacher (senior high school and first year college) for awhile and at the last job I never took down the large sign that the previous instructor had mounted prominently on the main wall.
"Leave home now while you still know everything". Trying students didn't understand this but the concerned parents or sponsors that came to visit sure did.
 
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Something I've wondered about those Tasmanian axes and competition axes, in your experience do you think that another benefit of "getting rid of the poll" is that it makes it easier to unstick the axe before each backswing (because of some increase leverage by having the handle pulling on the very back of the head)? Could this be an important factor during competitions?

Steve, in my experience and having seen some axes with more poll, I really don't think it makes a great deal of difference. Also in my experience and having been involved in building axes for competition for over 20 years, the ease of extraction is more related to the profile of the area between the edge and the bust, with particular focus on the back of the bevel.

Would be happy to share my thoughts further without a scientific explanation if that helps.

Have come up with some great general profiles for different timbers over the years, based on actually doing it, not just theorising. Cheers, ICS


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I apologize to all for my part in this thread. But I have learned one thing from this, I belong in the woods, not on the internet.
Bernie

You're absolutely welcome here and I think I speak for everyone here when I say we're honored to be graced by your presence. Just avoid making things personal and it's all good. I would personally still love to hear your own personal take on precisely what makes an axe considered as balanced or imbalanced and what factors affect it, and exactly why you believe a poll makes an axe an inherently more efficient. I'm here to learn as much as anyone if someone has something to teach. :)

[video=youtube;tKTl1XScwd0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKTl1XScwd0[/video]
 
Steve, in my experience and having seen some axes with more poll, I really don't think it makes a great deal of difference. Also in my experience and having been involved in building axes for competition for over 20 years, the ease of extraction is more related to the profile of the area between the edge and the bust, with particular focus on the back of the bevel.

Would be happy to share my thoughts further without a scientific explanation if that helps.

Have come up with some great general profiles for different timbers over the years, based on actually doing it, not just theorising. Cheers, ICS


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I'm not Steve, but I'd love to hear your thoughts. :)
 
The problem of your method is that it's only using conventional physics terminology to describe a very narrow symptom of the effects of the axle and is of no use in describing the bulk of the matter I'm addressing. I've done a decent amount of looking to see if there's existing terminology for this stuff but haven't turned up anything yet because it's a dynamic mostly found in hand tools and not in mechanical tools. In mechanical objects in rotation you usually have a literal physical axle and imbalance in the mass spinning on it is corrected by removing material at specific points around the body of the object to bring the CoG onto the axle. So describing free-bodied asymmetrical objects with one or two grip points that are on multiple hinges (our limbs) and can slide up and down the handle of the object...there's not a lot of analogous situations in common engineering situations to the best of my (current) knowledge.

So 42, is what you are actually saying about axes and the like, in fact speculation, or at best an attempt to describe a basic concept that needs no scientific explanation and is better "felt" by actually doing it and getting better at it over time, therefore making one feel even better. Just my simple mind taking a synergistic approach to something that combines basic implements with basic body mechanics. Cheers, ICS


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So 42, is what you are actually saying about axes and the like, in fact speculation, or at best an attempt to describe a basic concept that needs no scientific explanation and is better "felt" by actually doing it and getting better at it over time, therefore making one feel even better. Just my simple mind taking a synergistic approach to something that combines basic implements with basic body mechanics. Cheers, ICS


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It's not speculation--it's the application of principles that I have observed at work with axes in use to "size up" what the handling characteristics/behavior of a given axe is going to be like. When you understand them it's as simple as suspending the axe between forefinger and thumb in two different spots and giving it a quick squint. I'm actually using those principles right now to assist me in making a slightly longer handle for my Rinaldi gutter adze so I can get a unified axle with the right presentation when hung. Is it something you have to know? Nope. But it does make assessing a wide array of hand tools a snap. As I've mentioned before, it's something that's a lot easier to show to a person face-to-face with an actual axe or two, and even some other tools like hay forks, knives, shovels, etc. since you can see it readily on most tools that don't have a strict "T" shape to them. Anything with curves, bends, angles, etc. make it pretty easy to demonstrate with. I'd do a video on it, but it just doesn't capture well. Sort of like how when scythe mowing you can be going over pretty bumpy ground but the camera makes it look nice and flat.
 
It's not speculation--it's the application of principles that I have observed at work with axes in use to "size up" what the handling characteristics/behavior of a given axe is going to be like. When you understand them it's as simple as suspending the axe between forefinger and thumb in two different spots and giving it a quick squint. I'm actually using those principles right now to assist me in making a slightly longer handle for my Rinaldi gutter adze so I can get a unified axle with the right presentation when hung. Is it something you have to know? Nope. But it does make assessing a wide array of hand tools a snap. As I've mentioned before, it's something that's a lot easier to show to a person face-to-face with an actual axe or two, and even some other tools like hay forks, knives, shovels, etc. since you can see it readily on most tools that don't have a strict "T" shape to them. Anything with curves, bends, angles, etc. make it pretty easy to demonstrate with. I'd do a video on it, but it just doesn't capture well. Sort of like how when scythe mowing you can be going over pretty bumpy ground but the camera makes it look nice and flat.

42, thanks for the explanation. I think in simplified terms that what you are saying is that "you have found something that works for you in an understandable and repeatable manner". Mate that is fantastic, I take my hat off to you.
It's just the long winded, unfamiliar worded explanations that lose myself and a lot of other basic practitioners here on the forum. Eg. "unified axle with the right presentation when hung". That's not how us simple axemen talk. Rather than suspending something between my fingers and squinting at it to understand how it might behave, I'd rather pick it up and hit something with it. It's characteristics become immediately identifiable, that's not to say there is no merit in what you speak of and that's the value of communication. For me though, keep it simple if you want me to understand it. On that note, I look forward to a bit more involvement. Cheers, ICS


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Steve, in my experience and having seen some axes with more poll, I really don't think it makes a great deal of difference. Also in my experience and having been involved in building axes for competition for over 20 years, the ease of extraction is more related to the profile of the area between the edge and the bust, with particular focus on the back of the bevel.

Would be happy to share my thoughts further without a scientific explanation if that helps.

Have come up with some great general profiles for different timbers over the years, based on actually doing it, not just theorising. Cheers, ICS


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ICS, thanks for the information.
 
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