Wear resistance test for 12 different steels

I love this thread. I must check it 6 times a day. Blunts 52100 must be right on the nail.
It would be so cool to have all the custom guys have a contest with a specific steel, knife shape etc...
Bragging rights would be a pretty big deal on here. Just saying... Russ
 
I had to hurry through the sand cutting test, so test slice newsprint after every 10 cuts through the sand. I am not really looking forward to re-sharpen 12 knives for round 2 where newsprint test after every single/1 cut.

Result:

Box cutter - 10 (which mean after 10 cuts this knife no longer cleanly slice newsprint with grain at 30-45* angle)
Mora carbon - 10
15N20 - 10
S35VN - 20
Zdp-189 - 20
S30V - 20
K110/D2 - 20
1084 - 20
14C28N - 30
CPM-154 - 30
52100 - 40
CPM-M4 - 50
K390 - 60

I don't know the properties of CPM-M4 and/or K390 in terms of toughness but it seems that a differentially heat treated 52100 (hard egde, springy spine) would make just about the best steel for a larger camp knife/chopper as well, possibly "better" than V3. I am surprised that not more custom knife maker use that steel (I know a few custom knifemakers who actually prefer 52100, first and foremost Ed Fowler of course, but I really like Burt Foster's approach. Check this out: http://www.burtfoster.com/steel_heat_treating/carbon_steel.htm)

Or, how about a San-Mai construction with K390-core and 420 mild steel?
 
Last edited:
Also, the Mora carbon is likely 1095 (why is it worse than 1084??), so I wonder also where O1 would score?? Would it be similiar to CPM-154 ?
 
Last edited:
One more thing though bluntcut. I know, I keep mention it in various threads but I just can't ignore the fact that spot on heat treatment is absolute essential for edge retention and toughness. Even though 1084 scored mediocre here, I always remember Nick Wheeler's wip thread making a large camp knife out of 1084 (well, it's 1084+15N20 if I remember correctly but that does not make a difference). He chopped dried antler with this knife (HRC 59) without adverse effects on the edge. I guess I want to say, do we need anything better than that?
 
Thanks Russ.
Performance is very subjective with some many 'depends' variables. Art & design are 'in the eyes of their beholder'. However sure, it would be great to see heavy weight pros compare their creations, which already are in the market place - I think. I am just glad to be around and learn from pros - with anything new to learn, there will be mistakes. Hopefully I won't repeat too many of mistakes in a long knife making journey ahead.
I love this thread. I must check it 6 times a day. Blunts 52100 must be right on the nail.
It would be so cool to have all the custom guys have a contest with a specific steel, knife shape etc...
Bragging rights would be a pretty big deal on here. Just saying... Russ

Thanks for the link Andy.
Many chopping-competition competitors are using cpm-m4 (and perhaps more will use k390), to win it requires good performance out of these steels for competition tasks (delicate & hard tasks). For a large knife which subject to hard/impulse chopping forces, critical to have sufficient toughness, hence reduce the hardness as a trade off. 52100 can be a fun chopper. In Aug, I bought some thick 52100 bars for forging a few choppers but all my time have been spent on tinkered around with ht & made functional knives (ahem... not too good with F&F). I really don't know how a well thought out ht 52100 would perform. I will to make some & learn, I reckon.

3V at mid hrc (~59-60) is known for its excellent toughness, so can a 52100 with same hardness compete in an endurance test? IDK. When time permits, I'll try and see.

Assuming that san-mai very thin k390 core and 420j jacket is possible. That would make a great knife with crazy toughness from 420j and everything else from k390. Hey, where I can get some ;)

I don't know the properties of CPM-M4 and/or K390 in terms of toughness but it seems that a differentially heat treated 52100 (hard egde, springy spine) would make just about the best steel for a larger camp knife/chopper as well, possibly "better" than V3. I am surprised that not more custom knife maker use that steel (I know a few custom knifemakers who actually prefer 52100, first and foremost Ed Fowler of course, but I really like Burt Foster's approach. Check this out: http://www.burtfoster.com/steel_heat_treating/carbon_steel.htm)

Or, how about a San-Mai construction with K390-core and 420 mild steel?

Speculatively, O1 would be a tad below D2.
Also, the Mora carbon is likely 1095, so I wonder also where O1 would score?? Would it be similiar to CPM-154 ?

We don't. But I would curious to find out how that knife edge will after chop dry oak (cross grain & 25 degree with grain) - trying to factor out geometry & dry bone fracture aspect.
One more thing though bluntcut. I know, I keep mention it in various threads but I just can't ignore the fact that spot on heat treatment is absolute essential for edge retention and toughness. Even though 1084 scored mediocre here, I always remember Nick Wheeler's wip thread making a large camp knife out of 1084 (well, it's 1084+15N20 if I remember correctly but that does not make a difference). He chopped dried antler with this knife (HRC 59) without adverse effects on the edge. I guess I want to say, do we need anything better than that?
 
Last edited:
I don't want to get too far ahead of myself with the current sand test setup. And refrain from trying to draw too many conclusion on data with too large of margin of errors. I mentioned before about: velocity & angle variations. Additionally there is pressure variation (yes, sand depth). I can minimize these variations by pouring fixed volume of sand (via funnel) at fixed height onto a section of the apex. Other post, I mentioned using sub-micron abrasives, well that is too far from real usage & grain size become too important.

I am out of time for knife hobby in the next couple months. so I'll be on/off BF radar to response to comments. Thanks.
 
I took a break from work to load the recycling bin. I just going to break down cardboard boxes with the 52100 test knife. Well, there wasn't going to be just a few cuts... 90 minutes later
ssjw.jpg


My arm+shoulder and knife are telling me, next time please get cardboards that are more abrasive than these ;)

The knife still slice newsprint just fine. The cardboard slices pile is about 8" high (metal ruler), 36" long and 30 wide.
 
Also, the Mora carbon is likely 1095 (why is it worse than 1084??), so I wonder also where O1 would score?? Would it be similiar to CPM-154 ?

Due to very low manganese/alloy which assist in hardenbility, 1095 as having around .5 second to get below the pearlite nose which mean you have to quench immediately when you pull the blade out of the oven, in order to get full potential of it. It is almost impossible for any production to do this in a large batch of knives. If you want to see the real performance of 1095/W1 custom is the only way to have.
 
I did my arms & wrists work-out today via cutting some cardboard, of which I want to provide some evidence for my previous cardboard pile. I tried to make 1 long mind-numb/bore/wth video of cardboard cutting session. Unfortunately, the darn camera stopped at 51 minutes, so I end up with 2 videos - wow rat interrupted!

experimental 52100, 3" paring on the cardboard pile.
IMG_0994.jpg

To burn time in these 2 videos (51 minutes & 22 minutes) I yak yak and more yak and made some claims in 2nd video. The one of interest maybe about work-sharpening, where the edge perpetually stays at working sharp level as the metal get evenly abraded away from apex to bevel face all the way to bevel shoulder. Video ended with 30 seconds quick re-sharpened to newsprint slicing edge.

[video=youtube_share;TcIe-4-LYEg]http://youtu.be/TcIe-4-LYEg[/video]

[video=youtube_share;lkrYYi8ajSw]http://youtu.be/lkrYYi8ajSw[/video]
 
Last edited:
When people say 'cut a lot of cardboard'. How much is a lot? today, I cut roughly (conservatively) about 600 meters of linear cardboard - a lot or nah?

I wonder out loud, how an optimized knife in s110v or 10v or m390 fare after 600m of cardboard.
 
Quite interesting to see, makes me want something from 52100. Thanks for making this! Beautiful knives you've made, by the way. I quite like your handle work.
 
Thanks, Rennd! I enjoy making knife handle out of wood (some stabilized and mostly natural). Naturally, to avoid marring the wood surface, so I use hidden pins construction.

52100 & other less complex steels are interesting to me because I like to investigate/research into metal lattice & molecular packing - simply increase molecular bond, especially at grain boundaries. Beautiful simplicity - Diamond is just a super-packed chunk of carbon.

Quite interesting to see, makes me want something from 52100. Thanks for making this! Beautiful knives you've made, by the way. I quite like your handle work.

Today, I cut 2 additional test knives for testing. I will ht with cryo for both S90V & 20CV (equiv to M390) knives. I aim for maximum wear (high strength/hardness).
IMG_0995.JPG
 
fwiw - here are actual hardness reading from my new tester for some of the knives. * = points taken from ffg/bevel so actual be 1 to 4 rc higher depend on slope angle.

Custom test knives:
52100 - 61*
14C28N - 58*
1084 - 57*
CPM154 - 63.5
CPM-M4 - 66
K390 - 65
K110/D2 - 62*

Production knives:
Endura vg10 - 59*
Stretch CF zdp189 - 64.5*

rc specs for other 9 knives:
cpm-m4@65rc, k390@63rc, cpm-154@61-62rc, s35vn@61rc, 52100@62rc
k110/d2@61rc, 1084@59-60rc, 15N20@60rc, 14C28N@61rc
 
fwiw - here are actual hardness reading from my new tester for some of the knives. * = points taken from ffg/bevel so actual be 1 to 4 rc higher depend on slope angle.

Custom test knives:
52100 - 61*
14C28N - 58*
1084 - 57*
CPM154 - 63.5
CPM-M4 - 66
K390 - 65
K110/D2 - 62*

Production knives:
Endura vg10 - 59*
Stretch CF zdp189 - 64.5*

Are those the updated hardness on the new tester? The 1084 could/should have been a tad harder from what I know? 59-60 for a smaller knife?

Thanks for keeping us updated blunt cut!
 
Are those the updated hardness on the new tester? The 1084 could/should have been a tad harder from what I know? 59-60 for a smaller knife?

Thanks for keeping us updated blunt cut!
I agree with you Andy, 60-61rc std ht for 1084 and 61-62rc for 14c28n. Those were my first with those steels. That said but keep in mind dry palm fronds are nasty on knife edge. I usually lowering the hardness until edge is stable for intended tasks.
Hahah my Rockwell tester is actually more useful than first thought. Before I rely too much certain temper temperature but now I go by stability. My 2 new W2 kitchen knives are 65+rc.
Which mean I will push 1084 to 63+rc -when I get more
 
Back
Top